foreign forced labor in the Soviet Union

Foreign forced labor was used by the Soviet Union during and in the aftermath of World War II, which continued up to 1950s.

There have been two categories of foreigners amassed for forced labor: prisoners of war and civilians. Both of them were handled by GUPVI, a special department of NKVD, analogous to GULAG, which was established in September 1939, after the start of the Soviet invasion of Poland.[http://www.auditorium.ru/books/407/ POW in the USSR 1939-1956: Documents and Materials] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102082712/http://www.auditorium.ru/books/407/ |date=2007-11-02 }} Moscow Logos Publishers (2000) (Военнопленные в СССР. 1939-1956: Документы и материалы. Науч.-исслед. ин-т проблем экон. истории ХХ века и др.; Под ред. М.М. Загорулько. - М.: Логос, 2000. - 1118 с.: ил.