forest falcon

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Forest falcons

| image = Micrastur semitorquatus (cropped).jpg

| image_caption = Collared forest falcon
(Micrastur semitorquatus)

| taxon = Micrastur

| authority = G.R. Gray, 1841

| type_species = Falco brachypterus{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=67 |title= Psittacidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-24}}

| type_species_authority = Temminck, 1822

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

7 currently recognised: See text

}}

Forest falcons are members of the genus Micrastur, part of the family Falconidae. They are endemic to the Americas, found from Mexico in the north, south through Central America and large parts of South America, and as far south as northern Argentina. Most are restricted to humid tropical and subtropical forests, but the two most widespread species, the collared and the barred forest falcon, also range into drier and more open habitats.Bierregaard, R. O. (1994) Species accounts - Genus Micrastur. In: Del Hojo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 2, pp 252–254. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions

Forest falcons, like most Accipiter-type hawks (but unlike other falcons), are adapted for agility in thick cover rather than outright speed in the open air. They have short wings, long tails, and extraordinarily acute hearing. While generally visually inconspicuous, their songs are commonly heard.

Their diet is a mixture of birds, mammals, and reptiles. Hunting is often performed in goshawk fashion: the bird takes up a perch in an inconspicuous position and waits for a prey species to pass, then strikes with a short, rapid pursuit. Forest falcons are inventive, flexible hunters, and at least some species (such as the relatively long-legged collared forest falcon) are also capable of catching terrestrial prey on foot.

In 2002, a new species was described, found in the Atlantic forest and the southeastern Amazon of Brazil (and later also confirmed for adjacent parts of Bolivia). It has been named Micrastur mintoni, the cryptic forest falcon, as it is phenotypically highly similar to M. gilvicollis.Whittaker, A. (2002). A new species of forest-falcon (Falconidae: Micrastur) from south eastern Amazonia and the rain forests of Brazil. Wilson Bulletin, 114, 421–445.

Species

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
class="wikitable"
120px	Micrastur ruficollis	Barred forest falcon	south-eastern Mexico through Central and South America to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
	Micrastur plumbeus	Plumbeous forest falcon	Chocó in south-western Colombia and north-western Ecuador.
120px	Micrastur gilvicollis	Lined forest falcon	western and northern Amazon Basin.
120px	Micrastur mintoni	Cryptic forest falcon	south-eastern Amazon rainforest in Brazil and Bolivia.
120px	Micrastur mirandollei	Slaty-backed forest falcon	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
120px	Micrastur semitorquatus	Collared forest falcon	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.
	Micrastur buckleyi	Buckley's forest falcon	Peru, Ecuador and far southern Colombia.

Taxonomy and systematics

Micrastur was defined by George Robert Gray in the second edition of his List of the Genera of Birds in 1841.{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=George Robert |title= A list of the genera of birds : with their synonyma and an indication of the typical species of each genus |edition=2 |date=1841 |page=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/26/mode/1up 6]}} On [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/18/mode/1up page 4 of the first edition], he lists "* !———–? Brachypterus Less." {{cite web |last1=Rees |first1=Tony |title=Micrastur Gray, 1841 |url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1314032 |website=Interim Register of Marine and Non-marine Genera (IRMNG) |access-date=31 October 2023 |date=2011}} The type species was Temminck's Falco brachypterus, with Illiger's Falco concentricus as a synonym.

Composition of species comprising the genus has varied, with differing opinions on whether particular populations are species or subspecies, and whether collected specimens were different life stages or plumage variants of the same species.

Sclater and Salvin commented in 1869 that "some of the members of the genus Micrastur are at present in a state of great confusion". They listed seven species,{{cite journal |last1=Sclater |first1=Philip Lutley |last2=Salvin |first2=Osbert |title=Notes on the Species of the Genus Micrastur. |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |pages=364–369 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07339.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/73803}} of which fourM. semitorquatus, M. mirandollei, M. ruficollis, M. gilvicollis. are currently recognised and threeM. zonothorax, M. leucauchen, M. guerilla. are considered subspecies.

In 1873, Robert Ridgway noted the similarity of Micrastur to the laughing falcon Herpetotheres. He wrote that "Eight species are given in Gray’s Hand List…, but of this number only five are tenable."Those five were listed as: M. semitorquatus, M. mirandollei, M. ruficollis, M. leucauchen, and M. concentricus. He excluded M. castanilius as a species of Nisus (now Accipiter castanilius). He considered M. guerilla and M. zonothorax to be different forms of the same species, and that M. xanthothorax and M. gilvicollis were synonyms of M. ruficollis.{{cite journal |last1=Ridgway |first1=Robert |title=Revision of the falconine genera, Micrastur, Geranospiza and Rupornis, and the strigine genus, Glaucidium. |journal=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History |date=1873 |volume=16 |page=73 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130707#page/85/mode/1up}}

References

Category:Polyborinae

Category:Falcons

Category:Birds of prey

Category:Taxa named by George Robert Gray