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freeway lid

{{Short description|Deck bridge on top of a highway}}

File:Washington State Convention Center and Freeway Park from Columbia Center.jpg and Freeway Park form lids over Interstate 5 in Seattle, Washington, United States.]]

A freeway lid (also known as a freeway cap, highway cap or highway deck) is a deck bridge built on top of a controlled-access highway or other roadway. It is commonly used to create new parkland in urban areas, but can also support buildings or other heavy structures such as convention centers.{{cite news |last=Pyati |first=Archana |date=April 7, 2017 |title=Freeway Lids: Reconnecting Communities and Creating New Land for Development |url=https://urbanland.uli.org/industry-sectors/infrastructure-transit/freeway-lids-reconnecting-communities-creating-new-land-development/ |publisher=Urban Land Institute |accessdate=March 18, 2018 |archive-date=March 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151210/https://urbanland.uli.org/industry-sectors/infrastructure-transit/freeway-lids-reconnecting-communities-creating-new-land-development/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Knute |author-link=Knute Berger |date=July 16, 2017 |title=One simple idea to open up Downtown Seattle |url=https://crosscut.com/2017/07/lidding-i-5-seattle |work=Crosscut.com |accessdate=March 18, 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://pew.org/2pNLb7x|title=More Cities Are Banishing Highways Underground — And Building Parks on Top|website=pew.org|date=2 April 2018 }} In some locations, the terms stitch or cap-and-stitch are used to describe overpasses containing widened bridges that accommodate wider sidewalks or small amenity space beside the roadway above the highway.{{cite web |url=https://communityimpact.com/austin/central-austin/development/2022/09/13/city-of-austin-seeks-community-input-on-i-35-cap-and-stitch-program/ |title=City of Austin seeks community input on I-35 Cap and Stitch program |author=McAfee, Katy |work=Community Impact Newspaper |date=September 13, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022}}

Cities and highway departments who propose building freeway lids over highways often cite potential benefits including reconnecting street grids near highways, or providing increased access to neighborhoods harmed by displacement caused by past highway construction.{{cite web |url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2018/04/more-cities-are-banishing-highways-underground-and-building-parks-on-top |title=More Cities Are Banishing Highways Underground — And Building Parks on Top |author=Moore, Martha T. |work=Stateline |date=April 2, 2018 |access-date=September 29, 2022}} Freeway lids are often criticized by highway expansion opponents, who accuse highway departments of using freeway lids to "greenwash" their lane expansion projects to be more palatable to the public.{{cite web |url=https://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/austin-city-council-set-to-vote-on-federal-i-35-cap-and-stitch-funding/ |title=Austin City Council set to vote on federal I-35 'cap and stitch' funding |author=Reader, Grace |work=KXAN |date=September 28, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022}}

Examples

  • Aubrey Davis Park, Mercer Island, Washington, US
  • Evergreen Point, Hunts Point, and Yarrow Point on Washington State Route 520, Bellevue, Washington, US{{cite news |last=Kroman |first=David |date=May 9, 2023 |title=7 acres, 3 lids: Eastside cities want the state to mow the lawn |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/7-acres-3-lids-eastside-cities-want-the-state-to-mow-the-lawn/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=May 9, 2023}}
  • Tunnel Tops Park and Battery Bridge Park, San Francisco, California, US
  • George Washington Bridge Bus Station and the Bridge Apartments, New York City, US
  • Kansas City Convention Center, Kansas City, Missouri, US
  • Klyde Warren Park and Southern Gateway Park, Dallas, Texas, US
  • Teralta Park, San Diego, California, US
  • Seattle Convention Center and Jim Ellis Freeway Park, Seattle, Washington, US
  • Capitol Crossing, Washington, DC, US
  • High Street crossing, Columbus, Ohio, US{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Project Profiles |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/project_profiles/oh_cap_union_station.aspx |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)}}
  • Meguro Sky Garden, Tokyo, Japan
  • Frankie Pace Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
  • Big Dig associated parks (Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway) and Prudential Center, Boston, Massachusetts, US
  • Kanawha Plaza, Richmond, Virginia, US
  • Central 70 Cover Park, Denver, Colorado, US
  • Robert L.B. Tobin Land Bridge, San Antonio, TX, US
  • Kinder Land Bridge, Houston, TX
  • Margaret T. Hance Park, Phoenix, Arizona, US
  • Memorial Park, La Cañada Flintridge, CA, US
  • Folk Art Park, Fifth Street Plaza, and Hartfield-Jackson Airport, Atlanta, Georgia, US
  • Freeway, Rothstein, and Victoria Parks, Southfield, Michigan, US
  • Foglietta Plaza and Veterans Memorial Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
  • Target Field, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
  • Fall River City Hall, Fall River, Massachusetts, US

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{Cite web|url=http://fourthplan.org/action/remove-highways|title=Remove, bury, or deck over highways that blight communities|website=The Fourth Regional Plan}}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://www.blackandurban.com/transportationcontent/social-reform-through-federal-highway-cap-projects|title=Social Reform Through Federal Highway "Capping" Projects|website=Black + Urban|date=23 November 2020 }}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://reconnectaustin.com/resources/cutting-and-capping-highways/|title=Cutting and Capping Highways|date=June 14, 2013}}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/06/15/when-highway-cap-appropriate|title=When is a highway cap appropriate?|first=Ben|last=Crowther|date=June 15, 2021|website=CNU}}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/30/plan-transform-cross-bronx-expressway-green-space|title=The plan to transform one of New York City's dirtiest freeways into green space|first=Aliya|last=Uteuova|date=November 30, 2021|work=The Guardian}}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://www.planetizen.com/tag/freeway-caps|title=Freeway Caps - Coverage by Planetizen|website=www.planetizen.com}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Houston |first1=Douglas |last2=Zuñiga |first2=Michelle E. |title=Put a park on it: How freeway caps are reconnecting and greening divided cities |journal=Cities |date=February 2019 |volume=85 |pages=98–109 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2018.08.007 }}
  • {{cite thesis |last1=Payne |first1=Michael Joel |title=Freeway Capping: Capping Nashville's I-40 South Loop to Connect Downtown and Midtown |date=2012 |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1261/ }}
  • {{Cite web|url=https://www.cp-dr.com/articles/20170722_1|title=Freeway Caps May Reshape California Urban Areas|website=www.cp-dr.com}}

Category:Buildings and structures by type