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full-frame DSLR

{{short description|Image sensor format}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019|cs1-dates=y}}

File:SensorSizes.svg ]]

A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format ({{nowrap|36 mm × 24 mm}}).{{cite book | title = An Illustrated A to Z of Digital Photography: People And Portraits |author1=Nigel Atherton |author2=Steve Crabb |author3=Tim Shelbourne | publisher = Sterling Publishing Co. Inc | year = 2006 | isbn = 2-88479-087-X}}{{cite book | title = Digital Macro Photography | author = Ross Hoddinott | publisher = Sterling Publishing Co. Inc | year = 2006 | isbn = 1-86108-452-8}} Historically, 35 mm was one of the standard film formats, alongside larger ones, such as medium format and large format. Many digital cameras, both compact and SLR models, use a smaller-than-35 mm frame as it is easier and cheaper to manufacture imaging sensors at a smaller size. Historically, the earliest digital SLR models, such as the Nikon NASA F4 or Kodak DCS 100, also used a smaller sensor.

Kodak states that 35 mm film (note: in "Academy format", 21.0 mm × 15.2 mm) has the equivalent of 6K horizontal resolution, according to a senior vice president of IMAX.{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/film-interview-imax-executives-talk-the-hunger-games-catching-fire-and-imax-misconceptions/|title=/Film Interview: IMAX Executives Talk 'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' and IMAX Misconceptions |publisher=Slash Film|date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=December 17, 2013}} This equates to 10K horizontal resolution in full-frame size.

Use of 35 mm film-camera lenses

If the lens mounts are compatible, many lenses, including manual-focus models, designed for 35 mm cameras can be mounted on DSLR cameras. When a lens designed for a full-frame camera, whether film or digital, is mounted on a DSLR with a smaller sensor size, only the center of the lens's image circle is captured. The edges are cropped off, which is equivalent to zooming in on the center section of the imaging area. The ratio of the size of the full-frame 35 mm format to the size of the smaller format is known as the "crop factor" or "focal-length multiplier", and is typically in the range 1.3–2.0 for non-full-frame digital SLRs.

Advantages and disadvantages of full-frame digital SLRs

=35 mm lenses=

File:Dslr sensor comparison.jpg

When used with lenses designed for full frame film or digital cameras, full-frame DSLRs offer a number of advantages compared to their smaller-sensor counterparts. One advantage is that wide-angle lenses designed for full-frame 35 mm retain that same wide angle of view. On smaller-sensor DSLRs, wide-angle lenses have smaller angles of view equivalent to those of longer-focal-length lenses on 35 mm film cameras. For example, a 24 mm lens on a camera with a crop factor of 1.5 has a 62° diagonal angle of view, the same as that of a 36 mm lens on a 35 mm film camera. On a full-frame digital camera, the 24 mm lens has the same 84° angle of view as it would on a 35 mm film camera.

If the same lens is used on both full-frame and cropped formats, and the subject distance is adjusted to have the same field of view (i.e., the same framing of the subject) in each format, depth of field (DoF) is in inverse proportion to the format sizes, so for the same f-number, the full-frame format will have less DoF. Equivalently, for the same DoF, the full-frame format will require a larger f-number (that is, a smaller aperture diameter). This relationship is approximate and holds for moderate subject distances, breaking down as the distance with the smaller format approaches the hyperfocal distance, and as the magnification with the larger format approaches the macro range.

{{multiple image

| direction = vertical

| width =

| align = right

| footer = Two photographs with the same lens and ISO, but a different sensor size: upon zooming in (insets), one notices there is less noise in the bottom picture (full-frame sensor - Canon EOS 6D) than in the top one (smaller sensor - EOS 7D Mark II).

| image1 = Image noise Canon EOS 7D Mark II.jpg

| image2 = Image noise Canon EOS 6D.jpg}}

There are optical quality implications as well—not only because the image from the lens is effectively cropped—but because many lens designs are now optimized for sensors smaller than {{nowrap|36 mm × 24 mm}}. The rear element of any SLR lens must have clearance for the camera's reflex mirror to move up when the shutter is released; with a wide-angle lens, this requires a retrofocus design, which is generally of inferior optical quality.{{cite web|url=http://www.camerarepair.com/Retrofocus-Design-Problems-A-Synopsis-T37.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103050721/http://www.camerarepair.com/Retrofocus-Design-Problems-A-Synopsis-T37.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title=Retrofocus Design Problems: A Synopsis |publisher=Camerarepair.com |access-date=2010-12-30 }} Because a cropped-format sensor can have a smaller mirror, less clearance is needed, and some lenses, such as the EF-S lenses for the Canon APS-C sized bodies,{{cite web

| url = http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/history/canon_story/2001_2004/2001_2004.html

| title = The Canon Camera Story: 2001-2004

| date = November 2004

| access-date = 2009-09-26

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090709152829/http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/history/canon_story/2001_2004/2001_2004.html

| archive-date = 9 July 2009

| url-status = dead

}} are designed with a shorter back-focus distance; however, they cannot be used on bodies with larger sensors.

The full-frame sensor can also be useful with wide-angle perspective control or tilt/shift lenses; in particular, the wider angle of view is often more suitable for architectural photography.

While full-frame DSLRs offer advantages for wide-angle photography, smaller-sensor DSLRs offer some advantages for telephoto photography because the smaller angle of view of small-sensor DSLRs enhances the telephoto effect of the lenses. For example, a 200 mm lens on a camera with a crop factor of 1.5× has the same angle of view as a 300 mm lens on a full-frame camera. The extra "reach", for a given number of pixels, can be helpful in specific areas of photography such as wildlife or sports.{{cite book

| title = Digital Nature Photography: The Art and the Science

| author = Barbara Gerlach

| publisher = Focal Press

| year = 2007

| isbn = 978-0-240-80856-7

| page = 67

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iNrWzL_NpWkC&q=%22reach%22+crop-factor&pg=PA67

}}

Lower size sensors also allow for the use of a wider range of lenses, since some types of optical impurities (specifically vignetting) are most visible around the edge of the lens. By only using the center of the lens, these impurities are not noticed. In practice, this allows for the use of lower cost lenses without corresponding loss of quality.{{cite web|last=Bourne|first=Scott|title=Seven Myths About the Need for Full Frames|url=http://photofocus.com/2013/03/14/seven-myths-about-the-need-for-full-frame-camera-bodies/|access-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214165448/https://photofocus.com/2013/03/14/seven-myths-about-the-need-for-full-frame-camera-bodies/|archive-date=14 December 2016|url-status=dead}}

Finally, full frame sensors allow for sensor designs that result in lower noise levels at high ISO {{cite web

| url = https://www.dpreview.com/reviews/image-comparison?attr18=daylight&attr13_0=canon_eos6dmkii&attr13_1=nikon_d7500&attr13_2=canon_eos6dmkii&attr13_3=nikon_d7500&attr15_0=raw&attr15_1=raw&attr15_2=jpeg&attr15_3=jpeg&attr16_0=6400&attr16_1=6400&attr16_2=6400&attr16_3=100&normalization=full&widget=1&x=-0.4332852706299912&y=-0.7468278039118594

| title = Studio shot comparison

| date = November 2019

| access-date = 2019-02-06

}} and a greater dynamic range in captured images. Pixel density is lower on full frame sensors. This means the pixels can be either spaced further apart from each other, or each photodiode can be manufactured at a slightly larger size. Larger pixel sizes can capture more light which has the advantage of allowing more light to be captured before over saturation of the photodiode. Additionally, less noise is generated by adjacent pixels and their emf fields with larger photodiodes or greater spacing between photodiodes. For a given number of pixels, the larger sensor allows for larger pixels or photosites that provide wider dynamic range and lower noise at high ISO levels.{{cite web|url=http://www.photocrati.com/q-a-are-full-frame-sensor-cameras-the-best-bet-for-a-serious-amateur/ |title=Full-frame sensors |date=11 May 2009 |publisher=Photocrati |access-date=2010-12-30}} As a consequence, full-frame DSLRs may produce better quality images in certain high contrast or low light situations.

Production costs for a full-frame sensor can exceed twenty times the costs for an APS-C sensor.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} Only 20 full-frame sensors will fit on an {{convert|8|in|mm|adj=on}} silicon wafer, and yield is comparatively low because the sensor's large area makes it very vulnerable to contaminants—20 evenly distributed defects could theoretically ruin an entire wafer. Additionally, when full-frame sensors were first produced, they required three separate exposures during the photolithography stage, tripling the number of masks and exposure processes.{{cite press release

| url = http://www.usa.canon.com/uploadedimages/FCK/Image/White%20Papers/Canon_CMOS_WP.pdf

| title = Canon's Full-Frame CMOS Sensors: The Finest Tools for Digital Photography

| date = 2006

| access-date = 2009-12-26

| publisher = Canon

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101010173138/http://www.usa.canon.com/uploadedimages/FCK/Image/White%20Papers/Canon_CMOS_WP.pdf

| archive-date = 2010-10-10

}} Modern photolithography equipment now allows single-pass exposures for full-frame sensors, but other size-related production constraints remain much the same.

Some full-frame DSLRs intended mainly for professional use include more features than typical consumer-grade DSLRs, so some of their larger dimensions and increased mass result from more rugged construction and additional features as opposed to this being an inherent consequence of the full-frame sensor.

Past and present full-frame DSLRs

=DSLRs=

  • Kodak DCS Pro SLR/c (2004)
  • Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n (2004)File:D6-logo.svg is Nikon's flagship full-frame DSLR]]
  • Nikon D3 (2007)
  • Nikon D3X (2008){{cite web|url=http://press.nikonusa.com/2008/11/nikon_unveils_a_digital_master.php|title=Nikon D3x press announcement as of November 30th, 2008|date=2008-11-30|publisher=Press.nikonusa.com|access-date=2010-12-30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110041651/http://press.nikonusa.com/2008/11/nikon_unveils_a_digital_master.php|archive-date=2011-01-10}}
  • Nikon D3S (2009){{cite web |url=http://press.nikonusa.com/2009/10/the_imaging_evolution_continue.php |title=Nikon D3s press announcement as of October 14th, 2009 |publisher=Press.nikonusa.com |date=2009-10-14 |access-date=2010-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110032225/http://press.nikonusa.com/2009/10/the_imaging_evolution_continue.php |archive-date=2011-01-10 }}
  • Nikon D4 (2012){{cite press release |url=http://press.nikonusa.com/post/2012/01/05/when-there-is-no-second-chance-the-new-nikon-fx-format-d4-multi-media-digital-slr-is-the-definitive-unification-of-speed-and-precision/ |title=When There Is No Second Chance: The New Nikon FX-Format D4 Multi-Media Digital SLR is The Definitive Unification Of Speed And Precision |publisher=Nikon Inc. |date=January 5, 2012 |access-date=January 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816053405/http://www.nikonusa.com/About-Nikon/Press-Room/Press-Release/h1jhd6hh/When-There-Is-No-Second-Chance:-The-New-Nikon-FX-Format-D4-Multi-Media-Digital-SLR-is-The-Definitive-Unification-Of-Speed-And-Precision.html |archive-date=August 16, 2012 }}
  • Nikon D4S (February 24, 2014)
  • Nikon D5 (January 6, 2016)
  • Nikon D6 (February 11, 2020)
  • Nikon D800{{cite press release|title=Expectations Surpassed: The 36.3-Megapixel Nikon D800 Is The Multimedia HD-SLR That Shatters Conventional Resolution Barriers For Maximum Fidelity|date=February 6, 2012|publisher=Nikon Inc.|url=http://press.nikonusa.com/post/2012/02/06/expectations-surpassed-the-36-3-megapixel-nikon-d800-is-the-multimedia-hd-slr-that-shatters-conventional-resolution-barriers-for-maximum-fidelity/|access-date=February 7, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830121517/http://www.canon.ru/For%5FHome/Product%5FFinder/Cameras/Digital%5FSLR/EOS%5F7D/|archive-date=August 30, 2011}} / Nikon D800E (2012)
  • Nikon D810 (June 26, 2014)
  • Nikon D850 (August 24, 2017)
  • Nikon Df (5 November 2013){{cite press release|title=Fall in Love Again: New Df D-SLR is Undeniably a Nikon with Legendary Performance and Timeless Design|date=November 4, 2013|publisher=Nikon Inc.|url=http://www.nikonusa.com/en/About-Nikon/Press-Room/Press-Release/hndp8ist/Fall-in-Love-Again%3A-New-Df-D-SLR-is-Undeniably-a-Nikon-with-Legendary-Performance-and-Timeless-Design.html|access-date=November 5, 2013}}
  • Nikon D700 (2008)
  • Nikon D750 (September 12, 2014)
  • Nikon D780 (January 2020)
  • Nikon D600 (13 September 2012){{cite press release|title=Performance that Fuels the Passion: The New Nikon D600 Puts FX-Format in Focus for Photo Enthusiasts|date=September 13, 2012|publisher=Nikon Inc.|url=http://www.nikonusa.com/About-Nikon/Press-Room/Press-Release/h6tve4go/Performance-that-Fuels-the-Passion%3A-The-New-Nikon-D600-Puts-FX-Format-in-Focus-for-Photo-Enthusiasts.html|access-date=September 13, 2012}}
  • Nikon D610 (8 October 2013){{cite press release|title=Concentrate on the Clarity: The New Nikon D610 FX-Format D-SLR Places Emphasis on the Image Making Experience|date=October 8, 2013|publisher=Nikon Inc.|url=http://www.nikonusa.com/en/About-Nikon/Press-Room/Press-Release/hm12ju4m/Concentrate-on-the-Clarity%3A-The-New-Nikon-D610-FX-Format-D-SLR-Places-Emphasis-on-the-Image-Making-Experience.html|access-date=October 8, 2013}}

File:Pentax K1 Mk2 jm61673.jpg is Pentax's flagship full-frame DSLR]]

  • Pentax K-1 (February 18, 2016)
  • Pentax K-1 II (February 21, 2018)
  • Sony α DSLR-A900 (2008)
  • Sony α DSLR-A850 (2009){{cite web |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/dslr/release/41559.html |title=Sony α DSLR-A850 press announcement as of August 27th, 2009 |publisher=News.sel.sony.com |date=2009-08-27 |access-date=2010-12-30 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716105157/http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/dslr/release/41559.html |url-status=dead }}
  • Sony α SLT-A99 / Sony α SLT-A99V (12 September 2012){{cite press release |url=http://presscentre.sony.eu/content/detail.aspx?ReleaseID=8033&NewsAreaId=2 |title=Sony introduces full-frame α99 |publisher=Sony |date=September 12, 2012 |access-date=September 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917035111/http://presscentre.sony.eu/content/Detail.aspx?ReleaseID=8033&NewsAreaID=2 |archive-date=17 September 2012 |url-status=dead }} (utilizing a semi-transparent SLT mirror)
  • Sony α ILCA-99M2 (2016)

The Nikon E2/E2s (1994),{{cite web|url=http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/htmls/models/digitalSLRs/E2E2s/index.htm |title=Technical information on Nikon E2/E2s and Fujifilm Fujix DS-505/DS-515 at MIR - Photography in Malaysia |publisher=Mir.com.my |access-date=2010-12-30}} E2N/E2NS (1996){{cite web|url=http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/htmls/models/digitalSLRs/E2NE2Ns/index.htm |title=Technical information on Nikon E2N/E2Ns and Fujifilm Fujix DS-505A/DS-515A at MIR - Photography in Malaysia |publisher=Mir.com.my |access-date=2010-12-30}} and E3/E3S (1998){{cite web|url=http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/nikon/htmls/models/digitalSLRs/E3E3s/index.htm |title=Technical information on Nikon E3/E3s and Fujifilm Fujix DS-560/DS-565 at MIR - Photography in Malaysia |publisher=Mir.com.my |access-date=2010-12-30}} digital SLRs as well as the similar Fujifilm Fujix DS-505/DS-515, DS-505A/DS-515A and DS-560/DS-565 models used a reduction optical system (ROS) to compress a full-frame 35 mm field onto a smaller 2/3-inch (11 mm diagonal) CCD imager. They were therefore not digital SLRs with full-frame sensors, however had an angle of view equivalent to full-frame digital SLRs for a given lens; they had no crop factor with respect to angle of view.Jarle Aasland, [http://www.nikonweb.com/e2n/ Nikon E2N], NikonWeb.com.

The first full-frame DSLR cameras were developed in Japan from around 2000 to 2002: the MZ-D by Pentax,{{cite web|url=https://www.dpreview.com/opinion/4721880615/the-long-difficult-road-to-pentax-full-frame|title=The long, difficult road to Pentax full-frame|website=dpreview.com}} the N Digital by Contax's Japanese R6D team,British Journal of Photography, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uk9WAAAAMAAJ Issues 7410-7422], 2003, page 2 and the EOS-1Ds by Canon.{{cite web|url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/7466980622/canoneos1ds|title=Canon EOS-1Ds, 11 megapixel full-frame CMOS|website=dpreview.com}}

Nikon has designated its full frame cameras as FX format and its smaller sensor interchangeable-lens camera formats as DX and CX.

=Other technologies=

Features of some full frame DSLR cameras

class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"

!Brand

!Model name

!Sensor size

!Effective megapixels

!Lens mount

!{{tooltip|2=(% of the frame)|Viewfinder coverage}}

!Metering zones

!Focus points

!Lowest ISO

!Highest ISO

! data-sort-type="number" |{{tooltip|2=(sensor) overall score|DxO score}}

!{{tooltip|2=Noise levels: what is the highest ISO level that still gives a specific print quality?|DxO ISO}}ISO value, at which the noise starts to disturb the photo. Unit: ISO. More at [http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/About/Sensor-scores/Use-Case-Scores DxOMark - Use Case Scores] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003031906/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/About/Sensor-scores/Use-Case-Scores |date=2013-10-03 }}

!{{tooltip|2=(fps)|Cont. shtg}}

!{{tooltip|2=(inch)|LCD size}}

!LCD articulation method

!Live view

!Movie mode

!{{tooltip|2=storage|Memory card}}

!Video

!{{tooltip|2=(W x H x D)|Dimensions (mm)}}

!Weight (g; incl. Battery?)Data taken from specification pages of [http://www.dpreview.com/camerareviews/?category=slrs&order=rating Digital Photography Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614001131/http://www.dpreview.com/camerareviews/?category=slrs&order=rating|date=2012-06-14}} review pages (usually page #2 of given camera review), e.g. [http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/nikond7000/page2.asp here] for a Nikon D3000

!Announced (date)

!Reference

Canon

|5D Mark IV

|Full frame

|30.1

|EF

|100

|252

|61

|50

|102,400

|91

|2995

|7

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF+SD

|

|150.7×116.4×75.9

|890

| align="right" |{{dts|Aug 2016}}

|[http://www.canon.co.uk/cameras/eos-5d-mark-iv/ [1]]

Canon

|1D X Mark II

|Full frame

|20.2

|EF

|100

|216

|61

|50

|409,600

|88

|3207

|14

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF+CFast

|

|158x168x83

|1530

| align="right" |{{dts|Feb 2016}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-1Dx-Mark-II] [https://downloads.canon.com/nw/camera/products/eos/1d-x-mark-ii/specifications/canon-eos-1dx-mkii-specification-chart.pdf]

Canon

|1D X

|Full frame

|18.1

|EF

|100

|252

|61

|50

|204,800

|82

|2786

|14

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF (2x)

|

|158x164x83

|1530

| align="right" |{{dts|Oct 2011}}

|[https://archive.today/20130208041344/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-1Dx] [http://usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_1d_x#Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124045733/http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_1d_x#Specifications |date=2011-11-24 }}

Canon

|1Ds Mark III

|Full frame

|21.1

|EF

|100

|63

|45

|50

|3,200

|80

|1663

|5

|3

|None

|yes

|no

|CF+SD

|

|150x160x80

|1205

| align="right" |{{dts|Aug 2007}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-1Ds-Mark-III] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628043646/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-1Ds-Mark-III |date=2010-06-28 }}[http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_1ds_mark_iii#Specifications]

Canon

|5D Mark III

|Full frame

|22.3

|EF

|100

|63

|61

|50

|102,400

|81

|2293

|6

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF+SD

|

|152x117x77

|950 (860 without battery)

| align="right" |{{dts|Mar 2012}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Publications/DxOMark-Reviews/Canon-5D-Mark-III-Review/Sensor-performance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430184759/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Publications/DxOMark-Reviews/Canon-5D-Mark-III-Review/Sensor-performance |date=2012-04-30 }}[http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_5d_mark_iii#Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103132744/http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_5d_mark_iii#Specifications |date=2015-11-03 }}

Canon

|5D Mark II

|Full frame

|21.1

|EF

|98

|35

|9

|50

|25,600

|79

|1815

|3.9

|3

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF

|

|152x114x75

|810

| align="right" |{{dts|Sep 2008}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-5D-Mark-II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814175532/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Camera-Sensor/All-tested-sensors/Canon/EOS-5D-Mark-II |date=2010-08-14 }}[http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_5d_mark_ii#Specifications]

Canon

|6D

|Full frame

|20.2

|EF

|97

|63

|11

|50

|102,400

|82

|2340

|4.5

|3

|None

|yes

|yes

|SD

|

|145x111x71

|755 (680 without battery)

| align="right" |{{dts|Sep 2012}}

|[http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_6d#Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031085117/http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/slr_cameras/eos_6d#Specifications |date=2015-10-31 }}

Nikon

|D5

|Full frame

|20.8

|F-mount

|100

|180,000

|153

|50

|3,280,000

|88

|2434

|12

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|SD (2x) or XQD (2x)

|2160p30

|160x159x92

|1405(with battery)

| align="right" |{{dts|Feb 2017}}

|[https://imaging.nikon.com/lineup/dslr/d5/spec.htm]

Nikon

|D4

|Full frame

|16.2

|F-mount

|100

|91,000

|51

|50

|204800

|89

|2965

|11

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF + XQD

|

|160x157x91

|1180 (without battery)

| align="right" |{{dts|Jan 2012}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Publications/DxOMark-Reviews/Nikon-D4-review/Sensor-performance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322153054/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Publications/DxOMark-Reviews/Nikon-D4-review/Sensor-performance |date=2012-03-22 }} [http://www.nikonusa.com/Nikon-Products/Product/Digital-SLR-Cameras/25482/D4.html#tab-ProductDetail-ProductTabs-TechSpecs]

Nikon

|D3X

|Full frame

|24.4

|F-mount

|100

|1,005

|51

|50

|6,400

|88

|1992

|5

|3

|None

|yes

|no

|CF (2x)

|

|160x157x88

|1220

| align="right" |{{dts|Dec 2008}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D3X] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802124238/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D3X |date=2013-08-02 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202073617/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Digital-SLR/25442/D3X.html]

Nikon

|D3S

|Full frame

|12.1

|F-mount

|100

|1,005

|51

|100

|102,400

|82

|3253

|9

|3

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF (2x)

|

|160x157x88

|1246

| align="right" |{{dts|Oct 2009}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D3s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801023156/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D3s |date=2013-08-01 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20100920074740/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Digital-SLR/25466/D3S.html]

Nikon

|D850

|Full frame

|45.7

|F-mount

|100

|180,000

|153

|64 (32 with expansion)

|25,600

|100

|2660

|{{tooltip|2=(9 with battery grip)|7}}

|3.2

|Tilting

|yes

|yes

|CF + XQD

|2160p30

|146x124x79

|1005

| align="right" |{{dts|Oct 2017}}

|[https://www.dxomark.com/Cameras/Nikon/D850]

Nikon

|D810

|Full frame

|36.3

|F-mount

|100

|91,000

|51

|64

|51,200

|

|

|5

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF + SD

|1920p60

|146x123x82

|980

|

|[https://imaging.nikon.com/lineup/dslr/d810/spec.htm]

Nikon

|D800

|Full frame

|36.3

|F-mount

|100

|91,000

|51

|50

|25,600

|{{tooltip|2=96 (D800E)|95}}

|{{tooltip|2=2979 (D800E)|2853}}

|4

|3.2

|None

|yes

|yes

|CF + SD

|

|145x122x82

|900 (without battery)

| align="right" |{{dts|Feb 2012}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D800] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328064315/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D800 |date=2012-03-28 }} [http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D800E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624072153/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D800E |date=2012-06-24 }} [http://www.nikonusa.com/Nikon-Products/Product/Digital-SLR-Cameras/25480/D800.html#tab-ProductDetail-ProductTabs-TechSpecs]

Nikon

|D780

|Full frame

|24.3

|F-mount

|100

|91,000

|51

|100

|51,200

|

|

|7

|3.2

|Tilting

|yes

|yes

|SDXC (2x)

|

|143.4x115.5x76

|840 incl. Batt.

|Jan 2020

|

Nikon

|D750

|Full frame

|24

|F-mount

|100

|91,000

|51

|100

|12,800

|93

|2956

|6.5

|3.2

|Tilting

|yes

|yes

|SD (x2)

|

|141x113x78

|840 incl. Batt.

| align="right" |{{dts|Sept 2014}}

|[https://www.dxomark.com/nikon-d750-sensor-review-another-nikon-sensor-in-the-dxomark-top-10/][https://www.nikonusa.com/en/nikon-products/product/dslr-cameras/d750.html]

Nikon

|D700

|Full frame

|12.1

|F-mount

|95

|1,005

|51

|100

|25,600

|80

|2303

|5

|3

|

|yes

|no

|CF

|

|147x123x77

|995

| align="right" |{{dts|Jul 2008}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D700] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801045449/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D700 |date=2013-08-01 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20100830152350/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Digital-SLR/25444/d700.html]

Nikon

|D600

|Full frame

|24.3

|F-mount

|100

|2,016

|39

|50

|25,600

|94

|2980

|5.5

|3.2

|

|yes

|yes

|SD (x2)

|

|141x113x82

|850 incl. Batt.

| align="right" |{{dts|Sep 2012}}

|[http://www.nikonusa.com/Nikon-Products/Product/Digital-SLR-Cameras/25488/D600.html] [http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D600] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916001314/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Nikon/D600 |date=2012-09-16 }}

Pentax

|K-1

|Full frame

|36.3

|K mount

|100

|86,000

|33

|100

|204,800

|96

|3280

|4.4

|3.2

|Cross-tilt

|yes

|yes

|SDXC (2x)

|1080p30

|136.5x110x85.5

|1010 incl. Batt.

| align="right" |{{dts|Sep 2016}}

|[https://www.dxomark.com/Cameras/Pentax/K-1][http://www.ricoh-imaging.co.jp/english/products/k-1/]

Pentax

|K-1 II

|Full frame

|36.3

|K mount

|100

|86,000

|33

|100

|204,800

|96

|3280

|4.4

|3.2

|Cross-tilt

|yes

|yes

|SDXC (2x)

|1080p30

|136.5x110x85.5

|1010 incl. Batt.

|{{dts|Feb 2018}}

|

Sony

|Alpha 900

|Full frame

|24.6

|Sony α/Minolta A

|100

|40

|9

|100

|6400

|79

|1431

|5

|3

|

|no

|no

|CF, MS

|

|156x117x82

|895 incl. Batt.

| align="right" |{{dts|Sep 2008}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Sony/Alpha-900] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926234411/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Sony/Alpha-900 |date=2013-09-26 }}

[http://www.sony.co.uk/product/dsd-body/dslr-a900#pageType=TechnicalSpecs]

Sony

|Alpha 850

|Full frame

|24.6

|Sony α/Minolta A

|98

|40

|9

|100

|6400

|79

|1415

|3

|3

|

|no

|no

|CF, MS

|

|156x117x82

|895

| align="right" |{{dts|Aug 2009}}

|[http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Sony/Alpha-850] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926233838/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Cameras/Camera-Sensor-Database/Sony/Alpha-850 |date=2013-09-26 }}[http://www.sony.co.uk/product/dsd-body/dslr-a850#pageType=TechnicalSpecs]

class="sortbottom"

!Brand

!Model name

!Sensor size

!Effective megapixels

!Lens mount

!Viewfinder coverage (% of the frame)

!Metering zones

!Focus points

!Lowest ISO

!Highest ISO

!DxOMark sensor score

!DxO ISO performanceISO value, at which the noise starts to disturb the photo. Unit: ISO. More at [http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Learn-more/Understanding-DxOMark-Scores/Sensor-Scores/Use-Case-Scores#Sports DxOMark Sensor Scores - Sports & action photography: Low-Light ISO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720022303/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/en/Learn-more/Understanding-DxOMark-Scores/Sensor-Scores/Use-Case-Scores#Sports|date=2013-07-20}}

!Cont. shtg (fps)

!LCD size (in)

!LCD articulation method

!Live view

!Movie mode

!Memory card type

!Video

!Dimensions (mm)

!Weight (g)Please specify if battery and card included! Data taken from specification pages of [http://www.dpreview.com/camerareviews/?category=slrs&order=rating Digital Photography Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614001131/http://www.dpreview.com/camerareviews/?category=slrs&order=rating|date=2012-06-14}} review pages (usually page #2 of given camera review), e.g. [http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/nikond7000/page2.asp here] for a Nikon D3000

!Announced (date)

!Reference

Prototype full-frame digital SLRs

  • Pentax MZ-D "MR-52" (presented in 2000, based on Pentax MZ-S, with the same sensor as Contax N, it never went into production)Asahi Optical Historical Club (2001) [http://www.aohc.it/pressrelease/MR52e.htm "MR-52" 6 Megapixel digital SLR] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228134634/http://www.aohc.it/pressrelease/MR52e.htm |date=2009-02-28 }}
  • Sony Alpha flagship model "CX62500" (presented at PMA 2007, early prototype of what one-and-a-half years later became the DSLR-A900 (aka "CX85100"), though with many detail differences){{cite web|author=– Charlie White |url=https://gizmodo.com/242663/pma-07-breaking-sony-alpha-flagship-first-pics |title=Charlie White's Gizmodo PMA March 8th, 2007 report on Sony press announcement in regard to Sony Alpha flagship model "CX62500" |publisher=Gizmodo.com |date=2007-03-08 |access-date=2010-12-30}}{{cite web |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |title=Sony Alpha CX model codes overview |date=2009-09-30 |language=de |work=Minolta-Forum |url=http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=18771&view=findpost&p=249551 |access-date=2016-01-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401150359/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=18771&st=0&p=249551&#entry249551 |archive-date=2016-04-01}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

{{Full-frame DSLR cameras}}{{Canon EOS digital cameras}}

{{Nikon DSLR cameras}}

{{Pentax digital interchangeable lens cameras}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Full-Frame Digital SLR}}

Category:Digital single-lens reflex cameras

Category:Digital photography

Category:Japanese inventions