gadjo

In Romani culture, a gorja, gadjo (masculine) or gadji (feminine) is a person who has no Romanipen.{{Cite web |title=Their name: Roma? Sinto? Gypsy? |url=https://sfi.usc.edu/education/roma-sinti/en/conosciamo-i-roma-e-i-sinti/chi-sono/da-dove-vengono-il-nome/il-nome-rom-sinto-zingaro.php#:~:text=The%20Roma%20call%20non%2DRoma,Gaujo%20or%20Gorgio%20in%20English |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227025841/https://sfi.usc.edu/education/roma-sinti/en/conosciamo-i-roma-e-i-sinti/chi-sono/da-dove-vengono-il-nome/il-nome-rom-sinto-zingaro.php |archive-date=27 Dec 2023 |website=USC Shoah Foundation}} This usually corresponds to not being an ethnic Romani, but it can also be an ethnic Romani who does not live within Romani culture. It is often used by Romanies to address or denote outsider neighbors living within or very near their community.

Etymology

The exact origin of the word is not known. One theory considers that the word comes from the proto-Romani word for "peasant" and has the same root as the Romani word gav (a village).{{cite book|title=Danger! Educated Gypsy: Selected Essays|page=103}}

In Bulgaria

The word has been borrowed in Bulgarian as гадже {{cite web | url=https://ibl.bas.bg/lib/ber/#page/318/mode/1up | title=Електронна библиотека Българско езикознание }} (gadzhe), meaning boyfriend or girlfriend.

In Spain

File:Manifestación contra la intolerancia, Madrid 6 mayo 2019.jpg, May 6 2019)]]

The word passed from Caló to Spanish slang as gachó[https://dle.rae.es/?id=IgsgFcs gachó] in the Diccionario de la lengua española. (masculine) / gachí[https://dle.rae.es/?id=IgrPma0 gachí] in the Diccionario de la lengua española. (feminine) acquiring the generalized meaning "man, guy" / "woman, girl". The Caló word for a non-Gitano is payo/paya.[https://dle.rae.es/?id=SEbjzxN payo] at the Diccionario de la lengua española.

In Portuguese

The European Portuguese words gajo (masculine) and gaja (feminine) originated in the Romani/Caló and are used in everyday language to refer informally to a man or a woman, in a usage similar to "guy" in English. The word gazim has been attested as a rare use in Brazilian Portuguese with the meaning of strange (i.e. foreign) woman, probably with roots in the Romani gadji.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OpsqAAAAMAAJ&q=gazim+gypsy+calo|title=Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society|date=1950 |page=142}}

In Scotland and Northern England

The word is encountered as gadgie (or sometimes gadge), a term in Scots, formerly only used by the Roma/Traveller community, but since the 20th century in general use by the Scots-speaking population.{{Cite web |title=Gadgie |url=https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/4486 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208152715/https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/4486 |archive-date=8 Dec 2023 |website=Scots Language Centre}} In most areas it is heard, notably Edinburgh, the Borders and Dingwall,{{Cite web |title=Gadgie |url=https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns1656 |website=Dictionary of the Scots Language}} gadgie has a generalised meaning of a man that the speaker doesn't know well. In Dundee, it is a more pejorative term, referring to a poorly educated person who engages in hooliganism or petty criminality. In the village of Aberchirder, it refers to a born-and-bred local.{{Cite web |title=Gadgie |url=http://www.foggieloan.co.uk/gossip/sept11/gadgie.htm |website=www.foggieloan.co.uk}}

Notes

References

Lev Tcherenkov, Stephan Laederich "The Rroma"
Raymond Buckland "Gypsy Witchcraft & Magic"

External links

{{Cite web |title=Excerpts from Roma by WR Rishi: Etymology of The Word "GAJO" |url=http://www.romani.org/rishi/retygajo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514005741/http://www.romani.org/rishi/retygajo.html |archive-date=14 May 2008}}

Category:Ethno-cultural designations

Category:Exonyms

Category:Pejorative terms for strangers and foreigners

Category:Romani-related controversies

Category:Romani society

Category:Romani words and phrases