galop
{{Short description|Form of dance}}
File:Strauss I - Wiener Scene - Der große Galop.jpg (1839).]]
File:Galop dance pattern.png.Blatter, Alfred (2007). Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice, p.28. {{ISBN|0-415-97440-2}}.]]
In dance, the galop, named after the fastest running gait of a horse (see Gallop), a shortened version of the original term galoppade, is a lively country dance, introduced in the late 1820s to Parisian society by the Duchesse de Berry and popular in Vienna, Berlin and London. In the same closed position familiar in the waltz,{{citation needed|reason=Teens danced this in the 1950s four abreast. A bit too fast for a closed position|date=July 2012}} the step combined a glissade with a chassé on alternate feet, ordinarily in a fast {{music|time|2|4}} time.
The galop was a forerunner of the polka, which was introduced in Prague ballrooms in the 1830s and made fashionable in Paris when Raab, a dancing teacher of Prague, danced the polka at the Odéon Theatre in 1840. In Australian bush dance, the dance is often called galopede. An even livelier, faster version of the galop called the can-can developed in Paris around 1830.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
The galop was particularly popular as the final dance of the evening. The "Post Horn Galop", written by the cornet virtuoso Herman Koenig, was first performed in London in 1844; it remains a signal that the dancing at a hunt ball or wedding reception is ending.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
Examples
- Numerous galops were written by Johann Strauss II.
- Dmitri Shostakovich employed a "posthorn galop" as the second Allegro scherzo of his Eighth Symphony in 1943, and another galop in Act 1, scene 3 of Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk.
- Franz Schubert composed the "Grazer Galopp". He also composed the fourth movement of his Symphony No. 2 as a galop.
- The "Devil's Galop" by Charles Williams
- The "Infernal Galop" from Orpheus in the Underworld by Jacques Offenbach
- The "Comedians' Galop" from The Comedians by Dmitry Kabalevsky{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
- The "Prestissimo Galop" by Émile Waldteufel.
- The "Malapou Galop" by Joseph Lanner.
- Danish composer Hans Christian Lumbye (1810–1874) wrote several galops, including the "Telegraph Galop" (1844),{{cite web|url=http://www.kb.dk/export/sites/kb_dk/da/nb/dcm/udgivelser/download/lumbye/lumbye_telegraph_galop.pdf|access-date=25 April 2023|title=Telegraph Galop|website=kb.dk|language=da}} the "Champagne Galop" (1845){{cite web |url=http://kum.dk/Documents/Temaer/Kulturkanon/KUM_kulturkanonen_uk_OK.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-04-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141329/http://kum.dk/Documents/Temaer/Kulturkanon/KUM_kulturkanonen_uk_OK.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-13 }} and the "Copenhagen Steam Railway Galop" (1847).
- George Gershwin composed the galop "French Ballet Class" for two pianos in his score for the film Shall We Dance.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RySwdc151ZoC&q=shall+we+dance+gershwin+galop&pg=PA674 | title=George Gershwin: His Life and Work| isbn=9780520933149| last1=Pollack| first1=Howard| date=2007-01-15| publisher=University of California Press}}
- Galops were also written by Nino Rota.
- Franz Liszt wrote some galops for piano, notably the "Grand Galop Chromatique" (1838) and the "Galop in A minor" (1846).
- Csikós Post by Hermann Necke.
- Isaak Dunayevsky wrote some galops, including one for the film "The Son of the Clown" (1950).
Sources
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Galop}}
- [http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3galop.htm Streetswing's Dance History:] "Galop"
- [https://www.angelfire.com/music2/thecornetcompendium/well-known_soloists_6.html William Geary "Bunk" Johnson, Well-known Soloists From All Walks of Life:] Herman Koenig
{{Danish folk music}}
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Category:Dance forms in classical music
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