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gender gaps in mathematics and reading

{{Sex differences}}

The gender gaps in mathematics and reading achievement refer to the finding that, on average, boys and girls perform differently in mathematics and reading skills on tests. On average, boys and men score somewhat better in mathematics, while girls and women score somewhat better in reading skills.{{cite journal

| last = Stoet

| first = Gijsbert

| authorlink =

|author2=Geary, David C

| title = Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: Within-and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data

| journal = PLOS ONE

| year = 2013

| volume = 8

| issue = 3

| pages = e57988

| publisher = Public Library of Science

| language =

| jstor =

| issn =

| doi =10.1371/journal.pone.0057988

| id =

| mr =

| zbl =

| jfm =

| pmid=23516422

| pmc=3596327| bibcode = 2013PLoSO...857988S

| doi-access = free

}}{{cite book

| last = Geary

| first = David C.

| authorlink =

| title = Male, Female

| publisher = American Psychological Association

| series =

| volume =

| edition = 2nd

| year = 2010

| location = Washington D.C.

| pages =

| language =

| url =

| doi =

| id =

| isbn =

| mr =

| zbl =

| jfm = }}{{cite book

| last = Halpern

| first = Diane F.

| authorlink =

| title = Sex differences in Cognitive Abilities

| publisher = Psychology Press

| series =

| volume =

| edition = 4th

| year = 2012

| location = New York

| pages =

| language =

| url =

| doi =

| id =

| isbn =

| mr =

| zbl =

| jfm = }}

Mathematics and reading gaps by country

The Programme for International Student Assessment assesses the performance of 15-year-olds in mathematics and reading in OECD and OECD partner countries.{{Citation

|title=PISA 2009 Results: Executive Summary |accessdate=30 July 2013

| year = 2010

| publisher = OECD

| url = http://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/46619703.pdf

}}

The table below lists the scores of the PISA 2009 assessment in mathematics and reading by country, as well as the difference between girls and boys. Gaps in bold font mean that the gender gap is statistically significant (p<0.05). A positive mathematics gap means that boys outperform girls, while a negative mathematics gap means that girls outperform boys. A positive reading gap means that girls outperform boys (this is true in every country, so no country has a negative reading gap). There is a negative correlation between the mathematics and reading gender gaps, that is, nations with a larger mathematics gap have a smaller reading gap and vice versa.

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left"
Country

! Mathematics score

! Mathematics gender gap

! Reading score

! Reading gender gap

{{flag| Colombia }}

| 382

| 32

| 413

| 10

{{flag| Costa Rica }}

| 410

| 26

| 442

| 14

{{flag| Liechtenstein }}

| 535

| 24

| 500

| 32

{{flag| Belgium }}

| 515

| 22

| 506

| 27

{{flag| UK }}

| 492

| 21

| 494

| 26

{{flag| Chile }}

| 420

| 21

| 450

| 22

{{flag| Austria }}

| 496

| 20

| 470

| 41

{{flag| Luxembourg }}

| 489

| 20

| 472

| 39

{{flag| Switzerland }}

| 534

| 20

| 500

| 39

{{flag| US }}

| 487

| 20

| 500

| 25

{{flag| Spain }}

| 484

| 19

| 482

| 29

{{flag| Peru }}

| 365

| 18

| 370

| 22

{{flag| Netherlands }}

| 526

| 17

| 508

| 25

{{flag| Venezuela }} Miranda

| 398

| 17

| 421

| 18

{{flag| Denmark }}

| 503

| 16

| 494

| 29

{{flag| France }}

| 497

| 16

| 495

| 40

{{flag| Germany }}

| 512

| 15

| 498

| 40

{{flag| Italy }}

| 482

| 15

| 487

| 46

{{flag| Brazil }}

| 386

| 15

| 411

| 28

{{flag| Greece }}

| 466

| 14

| 482

| 47

{{flag| HK }}

| 554

| 14

| 534

| 32

{{flag| Mexico }}

| 418

| 13

| 426

| 25

{{flag| Canada }}

| 527

| 12

| 524

| 35

{{flag| Hungary }}

| 490

| 12

| 494

| 38

{{flag| Portugal }}

| 487

| 12

| 489

| 38

{{flag| Tunisia }}

| 372

| 12

| 402

| 31

{{flag| Uruguay }}

| 427

| 12

| 424

| 41

{{flag| Montenegro }}

| 402

| 12

| 408

| 52

{{flag| Argentina }}

| 388

| 11

| 397

| 36

{{flag| Turkey }}

| 446

| 11

| 464

| 43

{{flag| Macao }}

| 526

| 11

| 487

| 34

{{flag| Serbia }}

| 442

| 11

| 442

| 40

{{flag| Croatia }}

| 460

| 11

| 478

| 51

{{flag| Australia }}

| 514

| 10

| 514

| 37

{{flag| Japan }}

| 529

| 10

| 520

| 39

{{flag| Ireland }}

| 487

| 8

| 496

| 39

{{flag| New Zealand }}

| 519

| 8

| 522

| 45

{{flag| Israel }}

| 447

| 8

| 474

| 43

{{flag| Azerbaijan }}

| 431

| 8

| 362

| 24

{{flag| Estonia }}

| 512

| 8

| 502

| 44

{{flag| Singapore }}

| 562

| 6

| 526

| 31

{{flag| Czech Republic }}

| 492

| 5

| 480

| 48

{{flag| Norway }}

| 498

| 5

| 504

| 47

{{flag| Chinese Taipei }}

| 544

| 5

| 496

| 37

{{flag| Panama }}

| 360

| 5

| 370

| 33

{{flag| Korea }}

| 546

| 4

| 540

| 35

{{flag| Poland }}

| 495

| 4

| 500

| 49

{{flag| Romania }}

| 427

| 4

| 424

| 42

{{flag| Thailand }}

| 419

| 4

| 419

| 38

{{flag| Mauritius }}

| 420

| 4

| 406

| 40

{{flag| Finland }}

| 540

| 3

| 536

| 55

{{flag| Iceland }}

| 506

| 3

| 500

| 44

{{flag| Slovakia }}

| 496

| 3

| 478

| 51

{{flag| Moldova }}

| 398

| 3

| 388

| 45

{{flag| Latvia }}

| 482

| 2

| 484

| 47

{{flag| Russia }}

| 468

| 2

| 460

| 45

{{flag| Slovenia }}

| 502

| 1

| 484

| 55

{{flag| Kazakhstan }}

| 405

| 0

| 390

| 43

{{flag| Indonesia }}

| 372

| -1

| 402

| 37

{{flag| Jordan }}

| 386

| -1

| 406

| 57

{{flag| Sweden }}

| 494

| -2

| 498

| 46

{{flag| China }} Shanghai

| 600

| -2

| 556

| 40

{{flag| Georgia (country)|name=Georgia }}

| 380

| -3

| 374

| 61

{{flag| Malaysia }}

| 404

| -3

| 414

| 35

{{flag| Bulgaria }}

| 428

| -4

| 430

| 61

{{flag| Qatar }}

| 368

| -5

| 372

| 50

{{flag| Kyrgyzstan }}

| 331

| -6

| 314

| 53

{{flag| Lithuania }}

| 477

| -6

| 468

| 59

{{flag| United Arab Emirates }}

| 421

| -6

| 431

| 58

{{flag| India }} Tamil Nadu

| 350

| -7

| 335

| 36

{{flag| Trinidad and Tobago }}

| 414

| -8

| 416

| 58

{{flag| Albania }}

| 378

| -11

| 386

| 62

{{flag| Malta }}

| 462

| -15

| 442

| 72

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Category:Gender equality

Category:Gender and education