glamour photography
{{Short description|Photography genre; subjects are portrayed in glamorous poses}}
{{For|other uses of the term "Glamour"|Glamour (disambiguation)}}
File:Marilyn_Monroe._Earl_Moran.jpg photographed by Earl Moran {{circa|1950}}]]
Glamour photography is a genre of photography in which the subjects are portrayed in attractive poses ranging from fully clothed to nude, and often erotic. Photographers use a combination of cosmetics, lighting and airbrushing techniques to produce an appealing image of the subject.{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Mike |date=May 12, 1994 |title=Glamour Shots Take Writer from Bland to Bond |work=Toronto Star |at=Section B, p. J.3 |agency=Orlando Sentinel}}{{Cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Maggie Wolff |date=September 1994 |title=The Glamour Side of Photography |journal=North Valley Business Journal |volume=5 |issue=11 |at=Section 1, p. 1 |id={{ProQuest|211586981}}}} (As cited by ProQuest {{subscription required}}.) [https://web.archive.org/web/20000417223328/http://nvbj.com/backissues.htm Publisher's website.] The focus lies in the beauty of the subject's body or portrait;{{Cite journal |last=Downey |first=G. W. |date=June 2011 |title=An American travesty |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1659 |journal=UNED Research Journal |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=23–31 |issn=0093-7061 |pmid=1659}} as such, beauty standards are often a key determinant of glamour model trends.{{Cite journal |last1 = Coy |first1 = Maddy |last2 = Garner |first2 = Maria |author-link1 = Maddy Coy |title = Glamour modelling and the marketing of self-sexualization: critical reflections |journal = International Journal of Cultural Studies |volume = 13 |issue = 6 |pages = 657–675 |doi = 10.1177/1367877910376576 |date = November 2010 |s2cid = 145230875 }} A popular subset of this type of photography is "pin-up", for women, and "beefcake", for men.Rosenberg, David (12 April 2015). [http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2015/04/12/_100_rare_all_natural_beefcake_a_look_at_the_history_of_beefcake_photography.html slate.com]; "The Secret History of Hunky Male Beefcakes".{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Jessica |date=2021-03-05 |title=How the term cheesecake pinup originated |url=https://vintagereveries.com/how-the-term-cheesecake-pinup-originated/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=VintageReveries - Vintage Fashion Shop and Blog |language=en-US}}
Since glamour photography can include nudity, in such cases the distinction from softcore pornography is largely a matter of taste, although depictions of sexual contact are not considered within this genre and are considered pornographic. Glamour photography is generally a composed image of a subject in a still position. The subjects of glamour photography for professional use are often professional models, and the photographs are normally intended for commercial use, including mass-produced calendars, pinups and men's magazines such as Maxim; but amateur subjects are also sometimes used, and sometimes the photographs are intended for private and personal use only.
History
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Until the latter half of the 20th century glamour photography was usually referred to as erotic photography.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} Early erotic photography was often associated with "French postcards", small postcard sized images, that were sold by street vendors in France. In the early 1900s the pinup became popular and depicted scantily dressed women, often in a playful pose, seemingly surprised or startled by the viewer. The subject would usually have an expression of delight which seemed to invite the viewer to come and play.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} During World War II, pin-up pictures of scantily clad movie stars were extremely popular among American servicemen. Betty Grable was one of the most famous pin-up models of all time; her pinup in a bathing suit was extremely popular with World War II soldiers.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}
In December 1953, Marilyn Monroe was featured in the first issue of Playboy magazine. Bettie Page was the Playboy Playmate of the Month in January 1955. Playboy was the first magazine featuring nude erotic photography to receive mainstream attention. Penthouse was the second such magazine to achieve this.
Glamour models popular in the early 1990s included Hope Talmons and Dita Von Teese and the modern era is represented in the U.S. by models like Heidi Van Horne and Bernie Dexter, while leading representatives of the genre in the UK have included Katie Price and Lucy Pinder.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
Magazines and movie stars
File:Taylor, Elizabeth posed.jpg from {{circa|1955}}]]
Standards and styles of glamour photography change over time, reflecting for example changes in social acceptance and taste. In the early 1920s, United States photographers like Ruth Harriet Louise and George Hurrell photographed celebrities to glamorize their stature by utilizing lighting techniques to develop dramatic effects.{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/entertainment/article/Lights-Up-on-Hollywood-s-Hurrell-Special-3048748.php|title=Lights Up on Hollywood's Hurrell / Special focuses on the inventor of the glamour-shot style|last=LaSalle|first=Mick|date=January 16, 1995|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}{{subscription required}}
Until the 1950s, glamour photography in advertising and in men's magazines was highly controversial or even illegal.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} In some countries, if not illegal, such magazines could not be on public display, and some had to be displayed in a plastic cover. Magazines featuring glamour photography were sometimes marketed as "art magazines" or "health magazines".
Popular portraiture
{{original research|section|date=April 2022}}
Since the 1990s and especially in the 2010s, glamour photography has increased in popularity among the public. In more formal settings, glamour portrait studios have opened, offering professional hair and makeup artists and professional retouching to allow the general public to have the "model" experience. These sometimes include boudoir portraits but are more commonly used by professionals and high school seniors who want to look their best for their portraits.
As photography has become widely adopted through the use of smartphones, glamour photography has become a popular type of content featured on social media, particularly on Instagram. Instagram models and influencers posting glamour photography-type content have attracted heavy scrutiny from the general public, and are blamed for contributing to rising rates of depression and anxiety in the West.{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Elfy |title=Instagram Has Some Pretty Huge Effects On Our Psychology, Here's Everything We Know So Far |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/elfyscott/heres-how-instagram-affects-our-psychology-according-to |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=BuzzFeed |date=30 August 2018 |language=en-au}}
Gallery
File:Coca Sarli.jpg|Isabel Sarli using the handbra technique, {{Circa|1973}}
File:Sneakers - 3 - Picture by Giovanni Dall'Orto, June 30 2009.jpg|Nude male model using the masculine equivalent of the handbra, 2009
File:Carlson Twins.jpg|Carlson Twins at a photoshoot, 2006
File:Deal No Deal 2008.jpg|Models posing for a magazine cover, 2008
File:Veiled in Red.jpg|Woman posing with a red veil, 2014
See also
{{Portal|Sexuality}}
Further reading
- {{cite news | last = Simpson | first = Mark | author-link = Mark Simpson (journalist) | title = How men became the new glamour models | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11485427/How-men-became-the-new-glamour-models.html | work = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 23 March 2015 }}
References
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