gogaji

According to legend, Gogaji was born in Chauhan clan of Rajputs to Chauhan Vacha and queen Bachhal and were rulers of this area during that period – around 900 AD. His desandants adopted the name Bachal Rajput after name of Gogaji’s mother.{{Cite web |date=2014-12-05 |title=History |url=https://gugajaharvir.wordpress.com/history/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Jai Guga Jahar Veer |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHmHEAAAQBAJ&dq=goga+ji+chauhan&pg=PT77 |title=Popular Democracy and the Politics of Caste: Rise of the Other Backward Classes in India |date=2022-09-21 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-68431-5 |language=en}}

According to one belief, Goga was born with the blessings of Guru Gorakhnath, who gave 'Gugal' fruit (Commiphora wightii) to Goga's mother Bachhal which was used to name him. Another belief is that he was called Goga because of his remarkable service to cows. (Gou in Sanskrit){{Cite book |last1=Dalmia |first1=Vasudha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mO3vgEACAAJ |title=Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity |last2=Stietencron |first2=H. von |date=1995-10-31 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-8039-9195-8 |language=en}}

Goga had a kingdom called Bagad Dedga that spanned over to Hansi near Hisar in Haryana.Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Ganganagar (1972) [https://books.google.com/books?id=DCpuAAAAMAAJ&q=guga+hansi+satluj] It is believed that Goga lived during the 12th Century AD[https://books.google.com/books?id=G0Z457ZOR44C&dq=guga+sirsa+kingdom&pg=PA29] Gupta, Jugal Kishore: History of Sirsa Town In the past, the river Sutlej flowed through the district of Bathinda in present-day Punjab in India.{{cite web |url=http://www.mcbathinda.com/physiography-and-climate.asp |title=Welcome to the official website of the Municipal Corporation Bathinda |publisher=Mcbathinda.com |access-date=2014-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142700/http://www.mcbathinda.com/physiography-and-climate.asp |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }} The capital was at Dadrewa near Ganganagar.

Goga ({{langx|hi|गोगा}}) (Rajasthani: (Gugo) गुग्गो) was born in c. 900 AD to queen Bachchal (the daughter of a ruler, Kanwarpala who in 1173 AD ruled over Sirsa in present-day Haryana) and king Zewar belonging to Chauhan family in the village name Dadrewa in Churu district of Rajasthan.{{cite book|author1=Sir Henry Miers Elliot|author2=John Beames|title=Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India: Being an Amplified Edition of the Original Supplemental Glossary of Indian Terms|url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsonhistor00elligoog|year=1869|publisher=Trübner & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsonhistor00elligoog/page/n268 256]–}} The earliest parts of Goga's life were spent in the village of Dadrewa, situated on Hissar—Bikaner highway in Sadulpur tehsil of Churu district in Rajasthan. According to other legends, his father was Vachha Chauhan, the Raja of Jangal Desh, which stretched from the Sutlej to Haryana.[https://books.google.com/books?id=L9gcAQAAMAAJ&q=bachhal++gugga+haryana Census of India, 1961: India, Volume 1, Issue 4; Volume 1, Issue 19]

When Bachal was worshipping Gorakhnath, her twin-sister decided to usurp the blessings from the Gorakhnath. In the middle of the night, she wore her sister's clothes and deceived Gorakhnath into giving her the blessing fruit. When Bachal realised it, she rushed to Gorakhnath and said that she had not received anything. To this, Gorakhnath replied that he had already given his blessings and said that her sister was attempting to deceive her. After repeated requests by Bachal, Gorakhnath relented and gave her two Gugal candies. She distributed these candies to ladies having no child, including the 'blue mare' who was pregnant at that time. When the Guru gave the blessing to Bachal, he foretold that her son would become very powerful and would rule over the other two sons of their aunt, Kachal.

1)Goga was married to Kelam de who was daughter of Buda singh ji rathore King of kolu,Rajasthan.

2)Rani Siriyal

Another story is that Arjan and Sarjan were against Goga and was a part of conspiracy with king Anangpal Tomar of Delhi. King Anganpal attacked bagad region with Arjan and Sarjan. Both of them were killed by Goga. Goga spared the king after his miserere. In a quarrel about land he killed his two brothers on which account he drew upon himself the anger of his mother.

The history of Goga falls within folk religion and therefore his followers include people from all faiths. Goga is popular as a Devta who protects his followers from snakes and other evils. He has been deified as a snake demigod and is a prominent figure among those who follow the Nāga cult in what is now Rajasthan and since the seventeenth century has been worshipped in the Western Himalayas also, possibly as a consequence of migration there from Rajasthan.[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd50t19YpJEC&dq=the+cult+of+gugga&pg=PA330 Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya: Omacanda Hāṇḍā]

He is particularly popular among those engaged in agrarian pursuits, for whom the fear of snakebite is common. Although a Hindu, he has many Muslim devotees and is chiefly considered to be a saint (pir) who had the power to cure the effects of poison (jahar).{{cite book |title=Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya |first=Omacanda |last=Hāṇḍā |publisher=Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |isbn=9788173871610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd50t19YpJEC&pg=PA317 |pages=317–320, 330 |access-date=17 October 2012}}

He was reputed to be a disciple of Guru Gorakhnath. According to Muslim oral tradition prevalent in Punjab, he learnt the way of entering and leaving solid earth by a Muslim Pir Hazi Rattan of Bathinda.[http://kafila.org/2013/01/18/lets-meet-on-ajay-bharadwajs-milange-babey-ratan-de-mele-te-virinder-s-kalra/ Shivam Vij 18/01/2013] Goga is also believed to have lived for some time in Bathinda.James Todd (1920) Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan: Or The Central and Western Rajput States of India, Volume 2 [https://archive.org/details/annalsantiquitie02todj ]

The cult is prevalent in Rajasthan and other states of northern India, including Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and the north western districts of Uttar Pradesh. His followers can also be found in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. He also has a number of followers in the Jammu district of J&K state.

His shrine, referred as madi (shortened colloquial term for Samādhi), consists of a one-room building with a minaret on each corner and a Hindu grave inside, marked by a Nishan (a symbol or sign), which is made up of a long bamboo with peacock plumes, a coconut, some colored threads and some handpankhas with a blue flag on the top.

Worship of Goga starts in Bhaadra month of Hindu calendar. On the 9th of Bhadra, the people worship his symbol, a black snake painted on a wall. Worshippers take a fly-flap, known as chhari, round the village. Devotees pay their respect to it and offer churma. The Savayians sing devotional songs known as ‘Pir ke Solle’ in his honour to the accompaniment of deroos. Beating of deroos is the exclusive privilege of the Savayian community; others may sing, dance or offer charhawa. It is believed that the spirit of Gugga temporarily takes abode in the devotee dancer who lashes himself with a bunch of iron chains. People also open their rakhis on this day(bhadra krishna paksh navmi) and offer them to him. They also offer sweet puri (a type of sweet chappati) and other sweets and take his blessing.

Grand fairs are held at samadhi sathal Gogamedi. Gogamedi is 359 km from Jaipur, in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. It is believed that Goga went into samādhi at Gogamedi. Thousands of devotees gather to pay homage at this memorial annually in the month of Bhadrapada during the Goga fair, which lasts for three days. The fair is held from the ninth day of the dark half of Bhadrapada (Goga Navami) to the eleventh day of the dark half of the same month. People sing and dance to the beats of drums with multicoloured flags called nishans in their hands. The songs and bhajans on the life history of Gogaji are recited accompanied by music played with traditional instruments like Damru, Chimta, etc. At his birthplace Dadrewa, the fair goes on over a month. Devotees from far eastern places of Dadrewa start arriving from the beginning of the auspicious month of Bhaadra. These devotees are commonly known as purbia (those who belong to east). It is a common sight to see people with snakes lying around their necks. According to a folklore in and around his birthplace Dadrewa it is believed that if someone picks up even a stick from johra (a barren land which has a sacred pond in Dadrewa), it would turn into a snake. Devotees of Gogaji worship him when they get a snake bite and apply sacred ash (bhabhoot) on the bite as an immediate remedy.

In Thaneek Pura, Himachal Pradesh, a very large scale festival and fair is organized on Gugga Navami. The tale of Gugga Ji is recited, from Raksha Bandhan to Gugga Naumi, by the followers who visit every house in the region. These followers while singing the tales of Gugga Ji carry a Chhat (a wooden umbrella) and people offer them grains and other stuff. They bring all the collected offerings to the temple and then the grand festival of Gugga Navami is celebrated for three days. Apart from various pujas and rituals, the wrestling competition (Mall or Dangal) is organized for three days where participants from all over the region compete. The annual three-day fair is also a part of these festivities where people come and enjoy great food, and shop for decorative items, handicrafts, clothes, cosmetics, household goods, and toys for children.

{{Punjabis}}{{See also|Folk practices in Punjab}}Goga is known as Gugga in the Punjab who has a significant following. Although Gugga is a deity of Hinduism, he is revered by many Sikhs in the Punjab also. Many Punjabi villages have a shrine dedicated to Gugga Jaharveer known as Medi. A fair is organised annually in many parts of punjab like the village of Hariana in Hoshiarpur district and the village of Chhapar (known as the Chhapar Mela). Gugga's legacy in Punjab can be seen in towns such as Bareta Mandi, which is situated at a distance of 51 km from Mansa in Punjab. "The town is predominantly inhabited by Chauhans who trace their origin from Gugga, ‘Lord of Snakes’. It is said that nobody has ever died here on account of snakebite because of the blessings of Gugga."{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Ga/MANSA-19.htm |title=Punjab Revenue |publisher=Punjabrevenue.nic.in |date=1992-04-13 |access-date=2014-02-04 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063746/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Ga/MANSA-19.htm |url-status=dead }}

In the Punjab region, it is traditional to offer sweet Vermicelli to the shrines of Gugga JiAlop ho riha Punjabi virsa – bhag dooja by Harkesh Singh Kehal Unistar Book PVT Ltd {{ISBN|978-93-5017-532-3}} and sweet fried bread (mathya ({{langx|pa|ਮੱਥੀਆ}})). He is worshiped in the month of Bhadon especially on the ninth day of that month. Gugga is meant to protect against snake bites and he is venerated in shrines known as marris. The shrines do not conform to any religion and can range from antholes to structures that resemble a Sikh Gurdwara or a Mosque. When worshipping Gugga, people bring vermicelli(sewai) as offerings and also leave them in places where snakes reside.Bhatti, H.S Folk Religion Change and Continuity Rawat Publications People perform a devotional dance while dancing on the legendary songs of bravery sung in his praise.{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|title=Journal of Punjab Studies – Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies – UC Santa Barbara|website=www.global.ucsb.edu|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}

On the day of Gugga naumi, when offering the sweet dish, songs are sung which include:

Punjabi:

ਪੱਲੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਮਥੀਆਂ

ਨੀ ਮੈਂ ਗੁੱਗਾ ਮਨਾਓੁਣ ਚੱਲੀਆਂ

ਨੀ ਮੈਂ ਬਾਰੀ ਗੁੱਗਾ ਜੀ

Palle mere mathyaa

ni mein Guggaji di puja karn challyaa

ni mein bari Gugga ji

Translation

I have got mathya

I am going to worship Gugga ji

Oh Gugga ji

• Veer Teja
• Dadrewa
• Chauhan (disambiguation)
• Thaneek Pura

{{reflist|2}}

• {{cite book|first=George Weston |last=Briggs|title=Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXPa3jZDQZUC&pg=PA192|access-date=11 January 2011|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0564-4|page=192}}

{{Punjab, India}}

{{Punjabi folk religion}}

Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan

Category:Regional Hindu gods

Category:Hindu folk deities

Category:Punjabi folklore

Category:Punjabi folk religion

Category:Punjabi culture