golden logistics triangle
{{Short description|Area of the English Midlands}}
{{Location map+|England Midlands|caption= Places included in various definitions of the golden triangle. Red is original location, blue is Office for National Statistics locations, green is locations from other sources|float=right|width=400|places=
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.456|long=-1.200|position=right|label=Lutterworth}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.682|long=-1.829|position=top|label=Lichfield|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.691|long=-2.027|position=left|label=Cannock|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.583|long=-2.133|position=left|label=Wolverhampton|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.523|long=-1.48|position=right|label=Nuneaton|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.335|long=-2.058|position=left|label=Bromsgrove|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.3|long=-1.933|position=bottom|label=Redditch|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.413|long=-1.778|position=top|label=Solihull|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.37|long=-1.26|position=left|label=Rugby|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.04|long=-0.76|position=bottom|label=Milton Keynes|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.953|long=-1.15|position=right|label=Nottingham|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.633|long=-1.695|position=right|label=Tamworth|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.258|long=-1.163|position=left|label=Daventry|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|England Midlands|lat=52.230|long=-0.893|position=right|label=Northampton|mark=Green pog.svg}}
}}
The golden logistics triangle is an area of the English Midlands containing a high number of logistics and warehousing facilities. It originally referred to a small area around Lutterworth, Leicestershire, but various definitions have set areas across the East and West Midlands, as far north as Yorkshire and as far south as Milton Keynes. The Office for National Statistics uses a definition of any area within 4 hours driving distance of 90% of the British population, which gives a non-contiguous area in the West Midlands.
Description
The term originated as a description for a small area around Magna Park in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, and referred to the good connectivity to local motorways enjoyed by logistics businesses located there. It has since expanded to a hazily-defined portion of the English Midlands, where logistics industries have increasingly been located in the 21st century.{{cite web |title=The rise of the UK warehouse and the "golden logistics triangle" |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/business/activitysizeandlocation/articles/theriseoftheukwarehouseandthegoldenlogisticstriangle/2022-04-11 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=19 August 2022}} Torsten Bell, writing for The Guardian in 2022, regards it as stretching between Birmingham, Northamptonshire and Yorkshire.{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Torsten |title=New toaster late? It's all the fault of the Midlands' logistics golden triangle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/apr/24/new-toaster-late-fault-midlends-logistics-golden-triangle |access-date=19 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=24 April 2022 |language=en}} Berlin School of Economics and Law professor Richard Vahrenkamp regards it as comprising a stretch of the M1 Motorway between Milton Keynes and Nottingham.{{cite book |last1=Vahrenkamp |first1=Richard |title=The Logistic Revolution: The Rise of Logistics in the Mass Consumption Society |date=2012 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-8441-0118-8 |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slzBArFATL4C |language=en}} Cardiff University professors Yingli Wang and Stephen Pettit consider it to lie between Milton Keynes, Birmingham and Tamworth.{{cite book |last1=Wang |first1=Yingli |last2=Pettit |first2=Stephen |title=E-Logistics: Managing Your Digital Supply Chains for Competitive Advantage |date=3 March 2016 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers |isbn=978-0-7494-7267-2 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OunCwAAQBAJ |language=en}} A 2010 Department for Transport publication regards it as being between Rugby, Daventry and Northampton, centred on the West Coast Main Line, which carries half of all the UK rail freight.{{cite book |last1=Department for Transport |title=High speed rail |date=11 March 2010 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-10-178272-2 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRmY51SOeG8C |language=en}}
ONS definition and assessment of trends
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has adopted the term and defines it as any {{convert|1|km2}} of the country which lies within four hours' drive of 90% of the British population. This provides a non-contiguous area of {{convert|239|mi2}} in the West Midlands, running broadly between Lichfield, Cannock, Wolverhampton, Solihull, Redditch and Nuneaton, with outlying patches at Bromsgrove and to the south of Coventry.
The ONS also noted that other parts of the country, outside its golden triangle, have seen recent growth in logistics operations, including the East of England and Yorkshire and the Humber regions, which were not previously focuses for the logistics industry. The ONS cited changes in shopping habits, the coronavirus pandemic and post-Brexit adjustments as potential causes of the industry's expansion. Wang and Pettit note that there is a considerable benefit for retail warehouses to be located close to the main parcel distribution hubs, which are traditionally sited in the Midlands. Being closer to a hub allows the retailer to set later ordering times on its website for next day delivery.
According to the ONS, in 2021, the UK had 88% more transport and storage business premises than in 2011 and 21% more than in 2019; the number of road transport freight businesses increased by 114% between 2011 and 2021 and the number of postal and courier businesses by 147%. They also note that it was the East Midlands, rather than the West Midlands, that accounted for the largest regional warehouse construction spending in 2021 (the West Midlands was the fourth-highest spending region behind Yorkshire and the Humber and the East of England). However, the West Midlands recorded the largest increase in heavy goods vehicle traffic between 2011 and 2019, at 15%. Ozlem Bak of Brunel University considers the golden logistics triangle a result of the deindustrialisation of the Midlands away from mining and heavy industry, which required replacement industries with logistics businesses being attracted to the area by incentives to create jobs.{{cite book |last1=Bak |first1=Ozlem |title=Sustainable and Green Supply Chains and Logistics Case Study Collection |date=3 November 2021 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers |isbn=978-1-78966-822-3 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXRJEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}