goldeneye (duck)
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Goldeneye
| image = Bucephala clangula.jpg
| image_caption = Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
| taxon = Bucephala
| authority = S.F. Baird, 1858
| type_species = Anas albeola (bufflehead)
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| synonyms =
Glaucionetta
Charitonetta
see text}}
Bucephala is a genus of diving ducks found in the Northern Hemisphere.
Taxonomy
The genus Bucephala was introduced in 1858 by American naturalist Spencer Baird with the bufflehead as the type species.{{ cite book | last=Baird | first=Spencer F. | author-link=Spencer Fullerton Baird | year=1858 | title=Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean made under the direction of the secretary of war in 1853-1856 | volume=9 Birds | location=Washington | publisher=Beverly Tucker, printer | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11689167 xxiii], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11689194 L], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11689988 788], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11689995 795] }}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=594 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109134 }} The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek {{wikt-lang|grc|βουκέφαλος}} {{Transliteration|grc|bouképhalos}}, meaning {{gloss|bullheaded}}, from {{Transliteration|grc|boûs}} {{gloss|bull}}, and {{Transliteration|grc|kephalḗ}}, {{gloss|head}}, a reference to the crest of the bufflehead making its head look large.{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 |page =79 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n79/mode/1up }}
The bufflehead was formerly treated as the only member of the genus (sometimes unnecessarily changed to Charitonetta) while the goldeneyes were incorrectly placed in Clangula (as Clangula americana), the genus of the long-tailed duck, which at that time was placed in Harelda.Report of the National conference on utilization of forest products. New national museum, Washington, DC, November 19 and 20, 1924. Issue 13. US Govt. print. off. 1925. It may yet be correct to recognise two genera, as the bufflehead and the two goldeneyes are well diverged. In this case, Bucephala would be restricted to B. albeola and the name Glaucionetta (Stejneger, 1885) resurrected for the goldeneyes.
Species
{{Species table |genus=Bucephala |authority-name=S.F. Baird|authority-year= 1858 |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Common goldeneye|binomial=Bucephala clangula
|image=File:Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)- female.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Linnaeus|authority-year= 1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Widespread in North America and Eurasia
|range-image=File:Bucephala clangula map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| B. c. clangula (Linnaeus, 1758)
| B. c. americana (Bonaparte, 1838)
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Barrow's goldeneye |binomial=Bucephala islandica
|image=File:Barrow's Goldeneye RWD3.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Barrow's Goldeneye (female) (6881754634).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Gmelin, JF |authority-year= 1789|authority-not-original=yes
|range= North America and Iceland
|range-image=File:Bucephala islandica map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Bufflehead |binomial=Bucephala albeola
|image=File:Bucephala-albeola-007.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Bucephala-albeola-010.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= North America south to Mexico
|range-image=File:Bucephala albeola map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}
- Bucephala cereti (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary - Late Pliocene of Chilhac, France){{Cite journal|last1=Boeuf|first1=O. |last2=Mourer-Chauviré|first2=C.|year=1992|title=Les Oiseaux des Gisements d'Age Pliocène Supérieur de Chilhac, Haute Loire, France|journal=Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences II|volume=314|pages=1091–1096}}
- Bucephala ossivalis (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Bone Valley, United States),{{cite journal|author=Brodkorb, P.|title= The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation |url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00001198/00001/images |journal= Florida Geological Survey, Report of Investigations |date=1955|number=14|pages=1–57}} which was very similar to the common goldeneye and may even have been a paleosubspecies or direct ancestor{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
- Bucephala angustipes (Early Pleistocene of central Europe){{Cite journal|last=Jánossy|first1=D.|year=1965|title=Vogelreste aus den altpleistozänen Ablagerungen von Voigtstedt in Thüringen|journal=Paläonologische Abhandlungen Abt. A Paläozoologie|volume=2|pages=337–359}}
- Bucephala sp. (Early Pleistocene of Dursunlu, Turkey){{Cite journal|last1=Louchart|first1=Antoine |last2=Mourer-Chauviré|first2=Cécile |last3=Guleç|first3=Erksin|last4=Howell|first4=Francis Clark|last5=White|first5=Tim D.|year=1998|title=L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1251805098800530|journal=Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences IIA|volume=327|issue=5|pages=341–346}}
Bucephala fossilis (Late Pleistocene of California, United States) is now considered an extinct subspecies of the Bufflehead.{{cite journal |first=Guthrie |last=Daniel A.| year= 2010 | title=Avian material from Rancho del Oro, a Pleistocene locality in San Diego County, California |journal=Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences| volume=109 | issue=1 | pages=1–7 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/292054 | doi=10.3160/0038-3872-109.1.1}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.birdzilla.com/birds/Common-Goldeneye/ Common Goldeneye] at Birdzilla
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