gomukhasana
{{short description|Seated posture in hatha yoga}}
File:Gomukhasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
Gomukhasana ({{langx|sa|गौमुखासन}}; {{IAST-hi1|Gomukhāsana}}) or Cow Face Pose{{cite web | url=http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/689 | title=Cow Face Pose |date=28 August 2007 |website=Yoga Journal |access-date=31 July 2022}} is a seated asana in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise, sometimes used for meditation.
Etymology and origins
The name comes from the Sanskrit {{lang|sa|गौ}} {{lang|sa-Latn|go}} meaning "cow", {{lang|sa|मुख}} {{lang|sa-Latn|mukha}} meaning "face" or "mouth",{{cite web | url=http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/intermediate-series-nadi-shodhana/item/gomukhasana-a/ | title=Gomukhasana A | publisher=Ashtanga Yoga | access-date=29 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211093635/http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/intermediate-series-nadi-shodhana/item/gomukhasana-a/ | archive-date=11 February 2011 | url-status=dead}} and {{lang|sa|आसन}} {{lang|sa-Latn|āsana}} meaning "posture" or "seat".{{cite book |last=Sinha |first=S. C. |title=Dictionary of Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zzRvh1fRzEC&pg=PA18 |year=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-293-9 |page=18}} The crossed legs are said to look like a cow's mouth, while the bent elbows supposedly look like a cow's ears.
The pose is ancient as it is described in the Darshana Upanishad (3.3–4), written around the 4th century.{{cite book |title=The Yoga Upanishads |translator=T. R. Srinivasa Ayyangar |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheYogaUpanishads/TheYogaUpanisadsSanskritEngish1938#page/n3/mode/2up |year=1938 |publisher=The Adyar Library |location=Adyar, Madras |page=124}}{{cite journal |last=Sriharisukesh |first=N. |last2=Pailoor |first2=Subramanya |title=A review of asanas referenced in ancient texts and a brief comparative study of selected asanas |url=https://www.anantaajournal.com/archives/2019/vol5issue4/PartE/5-4-48-526.pdf |journal=International Journal of Sanskrit Research |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=270–273 |issn=2394-7519}} It is described within the 84 asanas in the 17th-century Haṭha Ratnāvalī (3.7–20).
{{cite book |last1=Mallinson |first1=James |author-link1=James Mallinson (author) |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) |title=Roots of Yoga |series=Penguin Classics |place=London |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 |oclc=928480104 |pages=116–119}} However, the current form of Gomukhasana with the hands behind the back is mentioned only in such ancient tantric texts as the Ahirbudhnya Samhita. It is sometimes used for meditation and pranayama.{{cite web |title=Gomukhasana (Cow Face Posture) |url=http://sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection§ion_id=1261 |publisher=The Divine Life Society |access-date=28 January 2019 |date=2011 |quote=Hence, this Asana is suitable for the practice of Pranayama. Ordinarily you can sit at all times in this Asana for long meditation also.}}
Description
The pose is entered from kneeling by crossing the legs; the heel of the upper leg is tucked in under the lower thigh near the buttock. The arm on the lower leg side is raised, the forearm bent down, while the other arm reaches down behind the back, the forearm bent up, so the hands can clasp between the shoulder blades.{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Silva |last2=Mehta |first2=Mira |last3=Mehta |first3=Shyam |author2-link=Mira Mehta |date=1990 |title=Yoga The Iyengar Way |title-link=Yoga the Iyengar Way |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-86318-420-8 |page=56}}
The sitting position can be modified either by putting a folded blanket on the heels, and if need be also one beneath them.
The pose stretches the shoulders. The hand position can be modified using a strap to extend the reach for those who cannot bring the hands together behind the back. The pose is contra-indicated for people with a rotator cuff injury.{{cite book | last=Swanson | first=Ann | title=Science of yoga : understand the anatomy and physiology to perfect your practice | publisher=DK Publishing | publication-place=New York, New York | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-4654-7935-8 | oclc=1030608283 | page=60}}
Preparatory poses for Gomukhasana include Baddha Konasana and Garudasana. Counter poses include Dandasana, Paschimottanasana, and Purvottanasana.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Further reading
{{Commonscat|Gomukhāsana}}
- {{cite book |last=Iyengar |first=B. K. S. |author-link=B. K. S. Iyengar |title=Illustrated Light On Yoga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbx5AAAACAAJ |publisher=HarperCollin |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7223-606-9 |ref=none }}
- {{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Swami Satyananda |author-link=Swami Satyananda Saraswati |title=Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha |url=http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |publisher=Yoga Publications Trust |location=Munger, Bihar |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-86336-14-4 |access-date=2019-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807084750/http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-07 |url-status=dead |ref=none }}
{{Asana}}
{{Yoga as exercise}}
{{Hatha yoga}}