goral
{{Short description|Genus of mammals}}
{{other uses}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Goral{{MSW3 Grubb|id=14200801}}
| image = Nemorhaeduscaudatusarnouxianus.JPG
| image_caption = Chinese goral, Nemorhaedus griseus
| taxon = Naemorhedus
| authority = Hamilton Smith, 1827
| type_species = Antilope goral
| type_species_authority = Hardwicke, 1825
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
The gorals are four species in the genus Naemorhedus. They are small ungulates with a goat-like or antelope-like appearance. Until recently, this genus also contained the serow species (now in genus Capricornis).
Etymology
The original name is based on Latin nemor-haedus, from nemus, nemoris 'grove' and haedus 'little goat', but it was misspelt Naemorhedus by Hamilton Smith (1827).Groves, C. P., and Grubb, P., 1985, Reclassification of the serows and gorals (Nemorhaedus: Bovidae). In The Biology and Management of Mountain Ungulates. Edited by S. Lovari. London: Croom Helm. pp. 45–50.{{cite web|url=http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp?article=32 |at=Article 32.5.1. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314070847/http://iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp?article=32 |archivedate=2016-03-14 |title=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |quote=If there is in the original publication itself, without recourse to any external source of information, clear evidence of an inadvertent error, such as a lapsus calami or a copyist's or printer's error, it must be corrected.}}
The name goral comes from an eastern Indian word for the Himalayan goral.
Extant species
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Naemorhedus goral | Himalayan goral (also known as ghural) | northern Pakistan, northwest and northeast India, as well as Nepal, Bhutan, and southern Tibet |
| 120px | Naemorhedus caudatus | long-tailed goral | eastern Russia and northeast China through North Korea and South Korea. A population has also been documented in the Demilitarized Zone on the Korean Peninsula |
| 120px | Naemorhedus baileyi | red goral | Yunnan province of China, to Tibet and northeast India through northern Myanmar |
| 120px | Naemorhedus griseus | Chinese goral | China, northeast India, Myanmar, northwest Thailand, northern Vietnam, and possibly Laos. |
Habitat
Gorals are often found on rocky hillsides at high elevations. Though their territories often coincide with those of the closely related serow, the goral will usually be found on higher, steeper slopes with less vegetation.
Characteristics
Gorals typically weigh {{convert|25|-|40|kg}} and are {{convert|80|-|130|cm}} in length, with short, backward-facing horns. Coloration differs between species and individuals, but generally ranges from light gray to dark red-brown, with lighter patches on the chest, throat, and underside, and a dark stripe down the spine. They have woolly undercoats covered by longer, coarser hair, which helps to protect them in the cold areas where they are often found.
Though the groups share many similarities, gorals are stockier than antelopes and have broader, heavier hooves. Female gorals have four functional teats, while female goats and sheep have only two functional teats. Unlike serows, gorals have no working preorbital glands.