greater hog badger
{{Short description|Species of carnivore}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Greater hog badger
| image = Arctonyx-collaris-hog-badger.jpg
| image_caption = Greater hog badger in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Arctonyx
| species = collaris
| authority = Cuvier, 1825
| range_map = Range_Arctonyx_collaris.png
}}
The greater hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) is a very large terrestrial mustelid native to Southeast Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because the global population is thought to be declining due to high levels of poaching.
Taxonomy
It was formerly thought to be the only species in the genus Arctonyx, displaying heavy variation throughout its wide range, leading it to be classified as having many subspecies. However, a 2008 study found that Arctonyx should be split into three species.{{Cite journal |last1=Helgen|first1=K.M. |last2=Lim|first2=Norman T.-L. |last3=Helgen |first3=L.E.|date=2008|title=The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae) |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=154|issue=2|pages=353–385 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00416.x |pmc=7107037|pmid=32287392}}
The following subspecies were formerly recognized, but are now thought to be conspecific with little distinction between one another:{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id= 14001135}}{{Cite mdd|title=Arctonyx collaris F. Cuvier, 1825|id=1005854|access-date=2021-06-25}}
- Greater hog badger A. c. collaris (Cuvier, 1825) – lives in the Eastern Himalayas;Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). [https://archive.org/stream/checklistofindia00elle#page/274/mode/2up Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946]. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pages 274–275.
- Indochinese hog badger A. c. dictator (Thomas, 1910) – lives in southern Thailand and Indochina;
- Burmese hog badger A. c. consul (Pocock, 1940) – occurs from Assam to Myanmar.
Description
The greater hog badger has medium-length brown hair, a stocky body, white throat, two black stripes on an elongated white snout, with a pink, pig-like nose. The snout-to-rump length is {{cvt|65|-|104|cm}}, the tail measures {{cvt|19|-|29|cm}} and the body weight is {{cvt|7|-|14|kg}}.Boitani, L. (1984). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Touchstone. {{ISBN|978-0-671-42805-1}}
With weights regularly reported between {{cvt|8.4|to|12|kg}}, it is one of the world's largest terrestrial extant mustelids (by average body mass). It is perhaps only second or third to the wolverine, rivaling the European badger; However, hog badgers are not known to rival the weights of the European badger during autumn hyperphagia.Zhang, L., Zhou, Y. B., Newman, C., Kaneko, Y., Macdonald, D. W., Jiang, P. P. & Ding, P. (2009). Niche overlap and sett-site resource partitioning for two sympatric species of badger. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 21(2), 89-100.Parker, C. (1979). Birth, care and development of Chinese hog badgers. International Zoo Yearbook, 19(1), 182-185.
A hog badger's appearance generally resembles the European badger, but having a pronounced pig-like snout, and with larger claws on the front feet. Its tail has long white hairs, and its front feet have white claws.
Distribution and habitat
The greater hog badger is considered fairly common in Thailand and most of mainland Southeast Asia, living in tropical evergreen forests and grasslands. They are also to be found in the Terai of the Indian Subcontinent; from the Yamuna River east, through the states of Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and West Bengal. The range also encompasses areas of lower Himalayan foothills in parts of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, in addition to the Brahmaputra River basin. Its distribution in Myanmar is considered patchy.Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A. J., Kyaw Thinn Latt and Duckworth, J. W. (2008). Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation 38: 2–28.
Behaviour and ecology
The hog badger is active by day and not very wary of humans.Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. and Khounbline, K. (1999). [http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2000-050.pdf Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514180845/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2000-050.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}. IUCN, Vientiane, Laos. Analysis of numerous camera trap pictures from Myanmar show no peak activity at either day or night.Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A. J., Kyaw Thinn Latt and Duckworth, J. W. (2008). [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/0/0c/SCC38_ThanZaw_et_al.pdf Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428015546/http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/0/0c/SCC38_ThanZaw_et_al.pdf |date=2015-04-28 }}. Small Carnivore Conservation 38: 2–28.
The hog badger is omnivorous; its diet consists of fruits, roots and small animals.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
A study conducted in Laos found that the native clouded leopards eat a large proportion of greater hog badgers, accounting for 28% of their diet.{{cite journal |last1=Kamler |first1=Jan |title=Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361794275 |journal=Ecology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=e9067 |publisher=Wiley |doi=10.1002/ece3.9067 |pmid=35813929 |pmc=9257375 |access-date=2023-02-09}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Wikispecies|Arctonyx}}
{{Commons category|Arctonyx collaris}}
{{Carnivora|M.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q744382}}
Category:Carnivorans of Malaysia
Category:Mammals described in 1825