greater sand plover

{{Speciesbox

| image = 2024-07-26 Anarhynchus leschenaultii leschenaultii, Newbiggin, Northumberland 1.jpg

| image_caption = Nominate A. l. leschenaultii in breeding plumage; a vagrant in Northumberland, UK

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=Charadrius leschenaultii |volume=2019 |page=e.T22693862A153879900 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22693862A153879900.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}

| taxon = Anarhynchus leschenaultii

| authority = (Lesson, 1826)

| synonyms = Charadrius leschenaultii (protonym)

}}

The greater sand plover (Anarhynchus leschenaultii) is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is often given as "greater sandplover" or "greater sand-plover", but the official IOC and British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "Greater Sand Plover".{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2024 | title=Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/buttonquail/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=26 July 2024}}{{avibase|98B9C10B606A4FF1|Charadrius leschenaultii}} The specific leschenaultii commemorates the French botanist Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour.{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n99 99], 222}} Like most other species in the genus Anarhynchus, it was until recently included in the genus Charadrius.

Distribution

It breeds in the semi-deserts of Turkey and eastwards through Central Asia, where it nests in a bare ground scrape. This species is strongly migratory, wintering on sandy beaches in East Africa, South Asia and Australasia. It is a rare vagrant in western Europe, where it has been recorded as far west as Iceland. It has been recorded three times in North America, the most recent being on 13 April 2025 in Biscay Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador. Last previous sighing in NA,14 May 2009 in Jacksonville, Florida.{{Cite web|url=http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-05-14/story/from_asia_by_air_rare_bird_visits_huguenot|title=From Asia by air, rare bird visits Huguenot | publisher=Jacksonville.com|access-date=2009-05-17|date=2009-05-15|work=Times-Union, Florida}}

Subspecies

There are three subspecies:Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2009) Collins Bird Guide, ed. 2. {{ISBN|0-00-219728-6}}, pages 144-145Carlos, C. J., S. Roselaar, & J-F. Voisin (2012). A replacement name for Charadrius leschenaultii crassirostris (Severtzov, 1873), a subspecies of Greater Sand Plover. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132 (1): [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53760353 63–65].

A. l. leschenaultii, the nominate, in the east of the species' range in Mongolia and NW China. Bill intermediate; summer plumage with a weak orange breast band.
A. l. scythicus, in the centre of the species' range in Central Asia. Bill largest in the species; summer plumage with a moderate orange breast band. Syn. A. l. crassirostris; this name is however preoccupied by a subspecies of Wilson's plover, A. wilsonia crassirostris described 48 years earlier.
A. l. columbinus, in the west of the species' range in SW Asia west to central Turkey. Bill smallest in the species; summer plumage with a strong orange breast band.

Description

This chunky plover is 19–22 cm long, slightly larger than a common ringed plover, and is conspicuously long-legged and thick-billed. Breeding males have sandy buff backs and white underparts. The breast, forehead and nape are variably orange in summer, and there is a black eye mask in summer. The female is duller and greyer, and winter and juvenile birds are browner, apart from a hint of rufous on the head. The legs are greenish-yellow and the bill black.

In all plumages, it is very similar to its close relatives Siberian sand plover A. mongolus and Tibetan sand plover A. atrifrons. Separating the species may be straightforward in mixed wintering flocks on an Indian beach, where the difference in size and structure is obvious; it is another thing altogether to identify a lone vagrant to western Europe, where both species are very rare. The problem is compounded in that the southwest Asian subspecies of the greater is the most similar to the other two species in its smaller bill.

Ecology

Its food consists of insects, crustaceans and annelid worms, which are obtained by a run-and-pause technique, rather than the steady probing of some other wader groups.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

Its flight call is a soft trill.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

The greater sand plover is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.{{fact|date=January 2025}}