greek words for love

Though there are more Greek words for love, variants and possibly subcategories, a general summary considering these Ancient Greek concepts is:

• Agape ({{langx|grc|ἀγάπη|agápē|label=none}}{{cite dictionary |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29ga%2Fph |article=ἀγάπη |editor1=Liddell, Henry George |editor2=Scott, Robert |dictionary=A Greek-English Lexicon |department=Perseus |publisher=Tufts University}}) means, when translated literally, affection, as in "greet with affection" and "show affection for the dead". The verb form of the word "agape" goes as far back as Homer. In a Christian context, agape means "love: esp. unconditional love, charity; the love of God for person and of person for God".{{cite book |author1=Liddell, H. G. |author2=Scott, Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon: Founded upon the seventh edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon |date=October 2010 |publisher=Benediction Classics |isbn=978-1-84902-626-0 |page=4}} Agape is also used to refer to a love feast.{{cite web |title=Greek Lexicon |url=http://www.greekbible.com/l.php?a)ga/ph_n-----asf-_p |website=GreekBible.com |publisher=The Online Greek Bible |access-date=24 August 2014}} The Christian priest and philosopher Thomas Aquinas described agape as "to will the good of another".{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2026.htm#article4 |title=St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 26, 4, corp. art |publisher=Newadvent.org |access-date=2010-10-30}}
• Eros ({{langx|grc|ἔρως|érōs|label=none}}) means "love, mostly of the sexual passion".[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De%29%2Frws ἔρως], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus The Modern Greek word "erotas" means "intimate love". Plato refined his own definition: Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or and may ultimately transcend particulars to become an appreciation of beauty itself, hence the concept of platonic love to mean "without physical attraction". In Plato's Symposium, Socrates argues that eros helps the soul recall its inherent knowledge of ideal beauty and spiritual truth. Thus, the ideal form of youthful beauty arouses erotic desire, but also points toward higher spiritual ideals.{{cite book |title=The Symposium |translator=Walter Hamilton |author=Plato |date=1973 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-044024-9 |edition=Repr. |location=Harmondsworth, Eng. |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/symposiumtransla00plat}}
• Philia ({{langx|grc|φιλία|philía|label=none}}) means "affectionate regard, friendship", usually "between equals".[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dfili%2Fa φιλία], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus. It is a dispassionate virtuous love.{{cite web |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/love/#SH1b |author=Alexander Moseley |title=Philosophy of Love (Philia) |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=24 August 2014}} In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, philia is expressed variously as loyalty to friends ("brotherly love"), family, and community; it requires virtue, equality, and familiarity.
• Storge ({{langx|grc|στοργή|storgē|label=none}}) means "love, affection" and "especially of parents and children".[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dstorgh%2F στοργή], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus. It is the common or natural empathy, like that felt by parents for offspring.{{cite book |title=Human sexuality: diversity in contemporary America |edition=6th |author=Strong B. |author2=Yarber W. L. |author3=Sayad B. W. |author4=Devault C. |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-07-312911-2 |location=New York |page=228}} It is rarely used in ancient works, almost exclusively to describe family relationships. It may also express mere acceptance or tolerance, as in "loving" the tyrant. It may also describe love of country or enthusiasm for a favorite sports team.
• Philautia ({{langx|grc|φιλαυτία|philautía|label=none}}) means "self-love". To love oneself or "regard for one's own happiness or advantage"Merriam-Webster dictionary.{{Verify source|date=March 2020}}.{{Full citation needed|date=March 2020}} has been conceptualized both as a basic human necessitySee Maslow's hierarchy of needs. and as a moral flaw, akin to vanity and selfishness,B. Kirkpatrick ed., Roget's Thesaurus (1998) p. 592, 639. synonymous with amour-propre or egotism. The Greeks further divided this love into positive and negative: one, the unhealthy version, is the self-obsessed love, and the other is the concept of self-compassion. Aristotle also considers philautia to be the root of a general kind of love for family, friends, the enjoyment of an activity, as well as that between lovers.
• Xenia ({{langx|grc|ξενία|xenía|label=none}}) is an ancient Greek concept of hospitality, "guest-friendship", or "ritualized friendship". It was a social institution requiring generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity.{{Cite book |title=The Greek world |date=1995 |publisher=Routledge |others=Anton Powell |isbn=0-203-04216-6 |location=London |oclc=52295939}} Hospitality towards foreigners and traveling Hellenes was understood as a moral obligation under the patronage of Zeus Xenios and Athene Xenia. Many understand the Odyssey as a story principally concerned with the concept. For instance, the failure of the Suitors of Penelope to appropriately welcome disguised Odysseus into his own home can be seen as justification for their subsequent demise.{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Emily |title=The Odyssey |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-393-54340-7 |pages=23–29}}

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• Color wheel theory of love
• Diotima of Mantinea
• The Four Loves by C. S. Lewis
• Greek love
• Intellectual virtue – Greek words for knowledge
• Love
• Restoration of Peter
• Sapphic love

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{{Reflist}}

• {{cite web |title=English-to-Greek |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/definitionlookup?type=exact&q=love&lang=greek |quote=word search results for love |website=Perseus}}
• {{cite web |url=http://www.mbcarlington.com/uploads/Greek%20Word%20Study%20on%20Love.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127144143/http://www.mbcarlington.com/uploads/Greek%20Word%20Study%20on%20Love.pdf |archive-date=2014-11-27 |title=Definitions [of love] |series=Greek word study on Love |website=mbcarlington.com}}

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