greenfinch

{{short description|Genus of birds}}

{{other uses}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Chloris chloris (profile).jpg

| image_caption = European greenfinch (Chloris chloris); male

| taxon = Chloris

| authority = Cuvier, 1800

| type_species = Loxia chloris{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=196 |title= Fringillidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

| synonyms =

Chloris Cuvier, 1800 (but see text)

Chloris C.L.Brehm, 1856 (non Cuvier, 1800: preoccupied)

Chloris A.E.Brehm, 1857 (non Cuvier, 1800: preoccupied)

}}

The greenfinches are small passerine birds in the genus Chloris in the subfamily Carduelinae within the Fringillidae. The species have a Eurasian distribution except for the European greenfinch, which also occurs in North Africa.

These finches all have large conical bills and yellow patches on the wing feathers.

The greenfinches were formerly placed in the genus Carduelis. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the greenfinches form a monophyletic group that is not closely related to the species in Carduelis and instead is sister to a clade containing the desert finch (Rhodospiza obsoleta) and the Socotra golden-winged grosbeak (Rhynchostruthus socotranus).{{cite journal | last1=Zuccon | first1=Dario | last2=Prŷs-Jones | first2=Robert | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Pamela C. | last4=Ericson | first4=Per G.P. | year=2012 | title=The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=581–596 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 | url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | pmid=22023825 | bibcode=2012MolPE..62..581Z | access-date=2017-10-23 | archive-date=2018-09-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130508/http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | url-status=dead }} The greenfinches were therefore moved to the resurrected genus Chloris which had originally been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800 with the European greenfinch as the type species.{{ cite book | last=Cuvier | first=Georges | author-link=Georges Cuvier | year=1800 | title=Leçons d'anatomie comparée | place=Paris | publisher=Baudouin | volume=1 | at=Table 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33516226 }} The year on the title page is An VIII. The name is from Ancient Greek khloris, the European greenfinch, from khloros, "green".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 | url-access=limited | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n102 102] }}