gummy candy

{{expand section|note=Move details from Gummi bear; make that article a subarticle of this one, obviously.|date=December 2010}}

Gummies have a long history as a popular confectionery. The first gelatin based shaped candy was the Unclaimed Babies, sold by Fryers of Lancashire in 1864.{{cite news |last1=Potts |first1=Lauren |title=Sweet success: Unravelling the Jelly Baby's dark past |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-35100612 |work=BBC News |date=28 December 2015 }}

In the 1920s, Hans Riegel Sr. of Germany started his own candy company and eventually popularized the fruit flavored gummy candy with gelatin as the main ingredient.{{Cite web|last=Burt|first=Jacqueline|title=A Brief History of Gummy Bears|url=https://www.bonappetit.com/entertaining-style/pop-culture/article/history-gummy-bears|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Bon Appetit|date=10 October 2014 |language=en}} By the start of World War II, the company started by Riegel employed over 400 people and produced multiple tons of candy each day.{{Cite web|last=Burt|first=Jacqueline|title=A Brief History of Gummy Bears|url=https://www.bonappetit.com/entertaining-style/pop-culture/article/history-gummy-bears|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Bon Appetit|date=10 October 2014 |language=en}} The company was named Haribo, and it became a main producer of gummy bears.

== Ingredients ==

Gummy candies are made mostly of corn syrup, sucrose, gelatin, starch and water. In addition, minor amounts of coloring and flavoring agents are used. Food acids such as citric acid and malic acid are also added in order to give a sharp flavor to gummies. It is often that other gelling agents are used in place of gelatin to make gummy candies suitable for vegans or vegetarians, such as starch and pectin.{{cite journal |last1=Burey |first1=P. |last2=Bhandari |first2=B.R. |last3=Rutgers |first3=R.P.G. |last4=Halley |first4=P.J. |last5=Torley |first5=P.J. |title=Confectionery Gels: A Review on Formulation, Rheological and Structural Aspects |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |date=January 2009 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=176–210 |doi=10.1080/10942910802223404 |doi-access=free }}

{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2017|reason=Various unsubstantiated claims and unsourced material.}}

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{{main|Jelly babies}}

File:Group of Jelly Babies.jpg

The Jelly Babies gum candy was the first commercially available shaped gum candy. It originated in the United Kingdom. They were first produced by Fryers of Lancashire in 1864 and sold as "Unclaimed Babies". By 1918 they were (and still are) produced by Bassett's in Sheffield as Jelly Babies.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

File:Gummy bears.jpg gummy bears were first made in Germany.]]

The gummy bear originated in Germany, where it is popular under the name Gummibär (rubber bear) or Gummibärchen (little rubber bear). Hans Riegel Sr., a maker from Bonn, produced these sweets under the Haribo company name, which he started in 1920.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

{{Redirect|Cola bottle|the Coca-Cola bottle design|Coca-Cola bottle}}

Image:Gummy Zone - Lunch Bag.jpg

File:Sour rainbow belts.jpg made by Candy Plus, Czech Republic]]

Cola bottles are sweets in the shape of classic Coca-Cola-style bottles with a cola flavor. They are produced by numerous companies. "Fizzy Blue Bottles", made by Lutti (formerly part of the French division of the Leaf Company, now controlled by a private investment group), are sweets typically found in a pick and mix selection. These are very similar to cola bottle gummies in shape, but they are usually sour and coloured blue and pink. "Blue Bottles", a variation from another company, are identifiable by the small rims around the sides, and are chewier and thicker, with a sweeter taste. There are also Lime cola bottles which typically retain the brownish-red colour and replace the clear top with a green colour. and mint flavoured bottles which replace the cola flavor for a mint flavor and are typically green instead of brown-red.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

{{see also|Life Savers}}

Ring-shaped gummy is often covered in sugar or sour powder. The most common and popular flavor is the peach ring. Other flavors include green apple, melon, blue raspberry, strawberry, and aniseed — although these are typically coated in chocolate. A commonly known producer of gummy rings is Trolli, for which the gummy rings are an important asset.{{cite web |url=http://trolli.de/trolliapfelringe225g.php |title=Trolli - trolliapfelringe225g |website=Trolli.de |access-date=2011-12-15 |archive-date=2011-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831122414/http://trolli.de/trolliapfelringe225g.php |url-status=dead }}

In Australia, jelly confectionery in the shape of frogs has been very popular since the 1930s{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}}. They are colored red or green, although they are usually referred to as "red frogs". These have influenced the shape, structure, consistency and formula that makes gummy bears. Red frog gummies are not associated with the Red Frogs Association.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

In 2004, Trolli's U.S. arm introduced a roadkill themed gummy candy in the shape of flattened animals. In February 2005, following complaints by the New Jersey Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Kraft decided to stop production of the controversial Trolli U.S. Road Kill Gummies. The society complained that the products, shaped as partly flattened squirrels, chickens and snakes, would give children an incorrect message on the proper treatment of animals.{{cite press release |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-131994663.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026104529/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-131994663.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2012 |title=Trolli Road Kill dies under pressure from animal activists |publisher=Kraft Foods Inc |date=1 March 2005 }}

In Australia, jelly confectionery in the shape of teeth has been very popular since the 1930s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} They are colored pink and white, with pink representing the gums and teeth being white. They have a slight minty flavor, similar to mint toothpaste.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

File:Vitamin D Gummies.jpg

There are also several multi-vitamin gummy products, usually marketed for children, such as Flintstones Chewable Vitamins.{{Cite web|url=https://www.flintstonesvitamins.com/|title=Flintstones Vitamins {{!}} Multivitamins & Supplements for Kids|website=www.flintstonesvitamins.com|access-date=2016-09-27}} They are more palatable and appealing to children than equivalent vitamin pills.

{{main|Gummy worms}}

Worm-shaped gummy candy can be attributed to the German confectionery manufacturer Trolli in 1981.{{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=Today is: Gummi Worm Day |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/today-gummi-worm-day-092406821.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-US}} They are a popular choice among Halloween trick-or-treaters, and sold with different flavors and coatings.

Times Scientists have studied adding the tooth-protecting sugar substitute xylitol to gummies to fight tooth decay.{{cite news|url=http://living.oneindia.in/health/child-nutrition/2008/gummy-bears-snacking-tooth-decay-290708.html|title=Gummy Bears Can Fight Cavities|year=2008|agency=ANI|newspaper=OneIndia.in|access-date=19 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206025911/http://living.oneindia.in/health/child-nutrition/2008/gummy-bears-snacking-tooth-decay-290708.html|archive-date=6 February 2009|url-status=dead}}

Choking risks are higher with gummy candies; research shows that "hard, round foods with high elasticity or lubricity properties, or both, pose a significant level of risk," especially to children under three years of age.{{cite journal |last1=Altkorn |first1=Robert |last2=Chen |first2=Xiao |last3=Milkovich |first3=Scott |last4=Stool |first4=Daniel |last5=Rider |first5=Gene |last6=Bailey |first6=C. Martin |last7=Haas |first7=Angela |last8=Riding |first8=Keith H. |last9=Pransky |first9=Seth M. |last10=Reilly |first10=James S. |title=Fatal and non-fatal food injuries among children (aged 0–14 years) |journal=International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology |date=July 2008 |volume=72 |issue=7 |pages=1041–1046 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.03.010 |pmid=18455807 }} This can be resolved with the Heimlich maneuver.

Storage of gummy candies in conditions of high humidity will result in the moisture migration of water molecules from the surrounding environment into the candy. If gummy candies are exposed to an environment that is high in moisture content, it is likely that moisture will permeate the candy and increase its relative moisture content. An increase of the candies moisture content will increase the molecular mobility of particles in the candy, leading to a variety of unwanted outcomes such as:

• Sucrose crystallization and subsequent grainy texture.
• A sticky candy surface.
• Diffusion of flavors out of the candy.
• Possibility of microbial growth.

Moisture migration of gummy candies can be prevented by storing candies in conditions where the surrounding environment is equal to their own moisture content.{{cite journal |last1=Ergun |first1=R. |last2=Lietha |first2=R. |last3=Hartel |first3=R. W. |title=Moisture and Shelf Life in Sugar Confections |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=29 January 2010 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=162–192 |doi=10.1080/10408390802248833 |pmid=20112158 }}

• Fruit Gems
• Gumdrop
• Jelly baby
• Quince cheese
• Swedish Fish
• Jelly bean

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrypdAGEZBg&t=1m57s Gummy candies being made in a factory] (video)

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Category:British confectionery

Category:German confectionery

pl:Żelki (słodycze)

pt:Balas de goma