gymkhana
{{Short description|Social and sporting club in the Indian subcontinent}}
{{About|Indian subcontinent culture|other uses||the equestrian competition|gymkhana (equestrian)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
File:Karachi Gymkhana Club in 1890.jpg in 1890]]
Gymkhana ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɪ|m|ˈ|k|ɑː|n|ə}}) ({{langx|ur|جِم خانہ}}, {{langx|sd|جمخانه}}, {{langx|hi|जिमख़ाना}}, {{langx|as|জিমখানা}}, {{langx|bn|জিমখানা}}) is a British Raj term which originally referred to a place of assembly. The meaning then altered to denote a place where skill-based contests were held. "Gymkhana" is an Anglo-Indian expression, which is derived from the Persian word "Jamat-khana".{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/globetrotterinin00macmrich|page=[https://archive.org/details/globetrotterinin00macmrich/page/91 91]|title=The Globe Trotter in India Two Hundred Years Ago: And Other Indian Studies|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|last1=MacMillan|first1=Michael|year=1895}} Most gymkhanas have a Gymkhana Club associated with them, a term coined during the British Raj for gentlemen's club.
More generally, gymkhana refers to a social and sporting club in the Indian subcontinent, and in other Asian countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Burma, and Singapore, as well as in East Africa.
Etymology
File:Bombay-Gymnkhana.jpg or Bombay Gym]]
The first element of Gymkhana comes from gend meaning ball in Urdu/Hindi/Hindustani/Khariboli.{{Cite web|last=Parekh|first=Rauf|date=2021-07-05|title=Origin of 'gymkhana' and 'kanjee house'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1633210|access-date=2021-08-03|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}} This element is distinct from the English word gym, short for gymnasium and gymnastics which has Greek and Latin roots.Oxford Dictionaries [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1252920#m_en_us1252920 Gymnasium etymology]{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The second element, khānā has a Persian origin, meaning a home or a compartment. In Persian, (خانه) is a term for dwelling, house.From Loghat'nāmeh-ye Dehkhoda, Third Edition (Tehran University Press, 2006), quoted from Borhān-e Ghāte{{'}} by Mohammad Moin. The court language of the Mughal Empire was Persian.
See also
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- List of India's gentlemen's clubs
- Hindu Gymkhana
- Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai
- Deccan Gymkhana, Pune
- Delhi Gymkhana, Delhi
- Golaghat Gymkhana, Assam
- Madras Gymkhana Club, Chennai
- Gymkhana Ground, Rangoon, Myanmar
- Jamalpur Gymkhana, Bihar
- Jorhat Gymkhana Club, Assam
- Karachi Gymkhana Club, Pakistan
- Lahore Gymkhana Club, Pakistan
- Nairobi Gymkhana Club, Kenya
{{div col end}}
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|title=Sports of West Bengal — Cricket|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709130840/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|archive-date=9 July 2022|location=Kolkata}}
External links
- {{Wikisource-inline|list=
- {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Gymkhana|year=1905|short=x |noicon=x}}
- {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Gymkhana|short=x |noicon=x}}
}}
Category:Urdu-language words and phrases
Category:Hindi words and phrases