haplogroup C-V20

{{Infobox haplogroup

| name =C-V20

| map =

| origin-date =

| origin-place =West Asia

| TMRCA =

| ancestor =(Grandparent) C1

| descendants =

| mutations = V20

| members = Very low frequency in Europe, North Africa, West Asia and South Asia

}}

Haplogroup C-V20 (also known as Haplogroup C1a2) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C1 (The other is C1a1 in Japan with an average amount of 5%崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）(in Japanese)). Haplogroup C-V20 is now distributed in Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and South Asia with very low frequency.

History and Distribution

File:Haplogroup C (Y-DNA) 2017.png

File:Cro-Magnon migration.gif throughout Eurasia and Africa during the Upper Paleolithic period, by Currat & Excoffier (2004).{{cite journal | last1 = Currat | first1 = M. | last2 = Excoffier | first2 = L. | year = 2004 | title = Modern Humans Did Not Admix with Neanderthals during Their Range Expansion into Europe | journal = PLOS Biol | volume = 2 | issue = 12| page = e421 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020421 | pmid = 15562317 | pmc = 532389 | doi-access = free }}　This corresponds with the spread of Haplogroups C1, among others.]]

Haplogroup C1a2 (V20) has been discovered in the remains of Palaeolithic people in Czech Republic (30,000 years ago), Belgium (35,000 years ago),{{cite journal | last1 = Fu | first1 = Qiaomei | display-authors = etal | year = 2016 | title = The genetic history of Ice Age Europe | journal = Nature | volume = 534| issue = 7606| pages = 200–5| doi = 10.1038/nature17993 | hdl = 10211.3/198594 | hdl-access = free | pmid = 27135931 | pmc = 4943878 | bibcode = 2016Natur.534..200F }} and the Sunghir archaeological site near Vladimir, Russia.{{cite journal|last1=Sikora|first1=Martin|last2=Seguin-Orlando|first2=Andaine|last3=Sousa|first3=Vitor C.|last4=Albrechtsen|first4=Anders|last5=Korneliussen|first5=Thorfinn|last6=Ko|first6=Amy|last7=Rasmussen|first7=Simon|last8=Dupanloup|first8=Isabelle|last9=Nigst|first9=Philip R.|last10=Bosch|first10=Marjolein D.|last11=Renaud|first11=Gabriel|last12=Allentoft|first12=Morten E.|last13=Margaryan|first13=Ashot|last14=Vasilyev|first14=Sergey V.|last15=Veselovskaya|first15=Elizaveta V.|last16=Borutskaya|first16=Svetlana B.|last17=Deviese|first17=Thibaut|last18=Comeskey|first18=Dan|last19=Higham|first19=Tom|last20=Manica|first20=Andrea|last21=Foley|first21=Robert|last22=Meltzer|first22=David J.|last23=Nielsen|first23=Rasmus|last24=Excoffier|first24=Laurent|last25=Lahr|first25=Marta Mirazon|last26=Orlando|first26=Ludovic|last27=Willerslev|first27=Eske|title=Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6363|year=2017|pages=659–662|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aao1807|pmid=28982795|bibcode=2017Sci...358..659S|display-authors=5|doi-access=free}} Regarding more recent prehistory, Haplogroup C-V20 has been found in the remains of a male (died ca. 7,000 years ago) associated with a late group of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture at Kompolt-Kigyósér, Hungary whose mtDNA belonged to haplogroup J1c1, the remains of a male (died ca. 7,000 years ago) associated with the LBK Culture at Apc-Berekalja (I.), Hungary whose mtDNA belonged to haplogroup K1a3a3, and the remains of a male (died ca. 7,000 years ago) associated with Mesolithic culture at La Braña-Arintero, León, Spain whose mtDNA belonged to haplogroup U5b2c1.ISOGG, 2015 "Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades – 2015" (15 September 2015). It has also been found{{Cite journal|last1=Krause|first1=Johannes|last2=Jeong|first2=Choongwon|last3=Haak|first3=Wolfgang|last4=Posth|first4=Cosimo|last5=Stockhammer|first5=Philipp W.|last6=Mustafaoğlu|first6=Gökhan|last7=Fairbairn|first7=Andrew|last8=Bianco|first8=Raffaela A.|last9=Julia Gresky|date=2019-03-19|title=Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1218|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7|pmid=30890703|issn=2041-1723|pmc=6425003|bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1218F}} in ancient DNA from Anatolia, specifically in the remains of an Anatolian hunter-gatherers dating from 13.642-13.073 BCE and belonging to mitochondrial haplogroup K2b.

Haplogroup C-V20 Y-DNA also has been found in a very small number of modern Europeans,{{cite journal | last1 = Scozzari | first1 = R | last2 = Massaia | first2 = A | last3 = D'Atanasio | first3 = E | last4 = Myres | first4 = NM | last5 = Perego | first5 = UA | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 11| page = e49170 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0049170 | pmid = 23145109 | pmc = 3492319 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...749170S | doi-access = free }} Algerians,ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades - 2017 (Accessed August 26, 2017) Armenians,YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.05 at 30 July 2017 Turks and Nepalis.{{cite journal | last1 = Hallast | first1 = Pille | last2 = Batini | first2 = Chiara | last3 = Zadik | first3 = Daniel | display-authors = etal | year = 2014| title = The Y-Chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-Confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 32| issue = 3| pages = 661–673| doi = 10.1093/molbev/msu327 | doi-access = free | pmid = 25468874 | pmc = 4327154 }} It includes many Y-DNA samples associated with the oldest currently known population of anatomically modern humans in Europe (Cro-Magnons), and it is considered to be a carrier of the Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian culture that began 40,000 years ago.{{cite journal | last1 = Fu | first1 = Qiaomei | display-authors = etal | year = 2016 | title = The genetic history of Ice Age Europe | journal = Nature | volume = 534| issue = 7606| pages = 200–5| doi = 10.1038/nature17993 | hdl = 10211.3/198594 | hdl-access = free | pmid = 27135931 | pmc = 4943878 | bibcode = 2016Natur.534..200F }}

References

C-V20

Category:Aurignacian