hemoglobinuria

{{Short description|Abnormally increased hemoglobin in urine}}

{{More medical citations needed|date=September 2017}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)

| name = Hemoglobinuria

| synonyms = Haemoglobinuria

| image = 1GZX Haemoglobin.png

| caption = Structure of hemoglobin

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| field = Urology, nephrology

| symptoms = Disease, Hemolytic anemia, Proteinuria

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| causes = Acute glomerulonephritis; Burns; Renal cancer; Malaria; Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; Microangiopathies, e.g. hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia; Transfusion reactions; IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; Pyelonephritis; Sickle cell anemia; Tuberculosis of the urinary tract; March hemoglobinuria secondary to repetitive impacts on the body, usually the feet; Athletic nephritis secondary to strenuous exercise; Acute lead poisoning

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Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine.{{cite journal |last1=Deters |first1=A. |last2=Kulozik |first2=A. E. |title=Hemoglobinuria |journal=Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology |date=2003 |volume=7 |issue=2–3 |pages=20–21 |doi=10.1159/000069582 |isbn=3-8055-7432-0 |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/69582 |access-date=20 October 2019 |language=en}} The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma.{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=James L |title=What causes hemoglobinuria? |url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/202333-153096/what-causes-hemoglobinuria |website=www.medscape.com |access-date=5 April 2021 |date=30 September 2020}} Excess hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, which excrete it into the urine, giving urine a purple color. Hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis which is an uncommon cause of a death of uni-traumatic patients recovering in the ICU.