hexagonal window
A hexagonal window (also Melnikov's or honeycomb window){{cite web |title=About the State Melnikovs Museum |url=http://muar.ru/en/melnikov-house-about-the-state-melnikovs-museum |publisher=Schusev State Museum of Architecture |website=muar.ru |accessdate=5 October 2016}} is a hexagon-shaped window, resembling a bee cell or crystal lattice of graphite. The window can be vertically or horizontally oriented, openable or fixed. It can also be regular or elongately-shaped and can have a separator (mullion).
Typically, the cellular window{{cite web|url=https://www.fenster-onlineverkauf.de/|title=Fenster kaufen|date=6 October 2021|language=de}} is used for an attic or as a decorative feature, but it can also be a major architectural element to provide the natural lighting inside buildings. The hexagonal window is relatively rare and associated with such architectural styles as constructivism,{{cite book |last1=Higgott |first1=Andrew |title=Key Modern Architects: 50 Short Histories of Modern Architecture |date=2018-05-31 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-6506-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3yBUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hexagonal+window+constructivism&pg=PT128 |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}} functionalism{{cite book |last1=Schweden |first1=Ausstellung Architektur im 20 Jahrhundert |last2=Andersson |first2=Thorbjörn |last3=Architekturmuseum |first3=Deutsches |last4=Eriksson |first4=Eva |title=Sweden |date=1998 |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3-7913-1936-0 |page=126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvVPAAAAMAAJ&q=Hexagonal+window+functionalism |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}} and, occasionally, cubism.
History
Attic hexagonal windows were occasionally used in the Northern European manor architecture of the 19th century. The concept became popular thanks to the Russian constructivist architect Konstantin Melnikov,{{cite book |last1=Bayer |first1=Patricia |title=Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration, and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties |date=1992 |publisher=H.N. Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-1923-5 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TeVPAAAAMAAJ&q=Hexagonal+window+cubism |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Иконников |first1=Андрей Владимирович |title=Russian Architecture of the Soviet Period |date=1988 |publisher=Raduga Publishers |isbn=978-5-05-001178-7 |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sN1PAAAAMAAJ&q=Hexagonal+window+architecture |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}} whose own famous house had 124 hexagonal windows, which were the main source of light as ceiling lights were not provided in many rooms.{{cite web|title=The Modernist: House-studio of Konstantin Melnikov|url=http://theconstructivistproject.com/the-modernist-house-studio-of-konstantin-melnikov|website=The Constructivist Project|publisher=theconstructivistproject.com|accessdate=4 October 2016|date=August 31, 2014}}{{cite web|last1=Winstanley|first1=Tim|title=AD Classics: Melnikov House / Konstantin Melnikov|url=https://www.archdaily.com/151567/ad-classics-melnikov-house-konstantin-melnikov|publisher=archdaily.com|accessdate=4 October 2016|date=14 June 2012}} Cellular windows are also a feature of the Scandinavian functionalism architecture of the 1940s–1960s and are a kind of synthesis of tradition and modernism in the architecture.
Today, hexagonal windows may be associated with honeycomb houses, a concept proposed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright{{cite web|title=About The Hanna House|url=https://hannahousetours.stanford.edu/?p=about|website=Stanford University|publisher=hannahousetours.stanford.edu |accessdate=4 October 2016}} and explore an idea of organic architecture, which considers the nature as a main source of architectural imagination.{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Wally |title=Close-Up View of Froebel's Kindergarten with Frank Lloyd Wright at the Drawing Table |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978150358180-7|pages=505}}{{Self-published inline |certain=yes |date=January 2018}}
Gallery
File:Mustosen talon ikkuna 1870 1.jpg|Mustonen House, 1870, Joensuu, Finland.
File:Melnikov House in MSK (img2).jpg|Melnikov House, Moscow, Russia.
File:Melnikov house1.JPG|Hexagonal window with diagonal mullions, Melnikov House.
File:Kerrostalo kuusikulmaiset ikkunat 1951.jpg|Vertical chain of hexagonal windows, Finland, 1950s.
File:Omakotitalo kuusikulmaiset ikkunat 1960.jpg|Triple cellular window in private mansion in Finland, 1960s.
File:Kuusikulmainen ikkuna sisäpuolelta päin.jpg|Internal view of hexagonal window.
File:0S0A2055.jpg|Hexagonal window at the right bottom part of building, Finnish functionalism.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.universalwindowsnj.com/ Window Replacement]
- [https://www.kesenbao.com/ Aluminum Glass Window]