hirtenschalmei

{{Short description|Double reeded woodwind instrument}}

{{Infobox instrument

| name = Hirtenschalmei

| background = woodwind

| image = Hirtenschalmei.jpg

| caption = A Hirtenschalmei being played.

| classification = Aerophone

| hornbostel_sachs = 422.111

| related = Rauschpfeife, Shawm

}}

The Hirtenschalmei (or shepherd's shawm) is a double reeded woodwind instrument, with a cylindrical bore and a flared bell,{{Cite web |title=Hirtenschalmei {{!}} Musica Antiqua |url=https://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/instrument/hirtenschalmei |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=www.music.iastate.edu}} reconstructed based on iconographic sources in the late 20th century.{{Cite web |last=piotrek |date=2022-04-12 |title=Renesansowe instrumenty dęte podwójnostroikowe |url=https://gtmusicalinstruments.com/pl/renesansowe-instrumenty-dete-podwojnostroikowe-cz-i/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=GT Instruments |language=pl-PL}} The instrument is described as producing a "buzzy" sound.{{Cite web |date=2017-04-01 |title=The Hirtenschalmei (or shepherd's shawm) |url=https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/arts-culture/2017/04/01/194242/classical-classroom-ep-166-a-fool-for-renaissance-music-talks-period-instruments/attachment/hirt/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Houston Public Media |language=en-US}} The Hirtenschalmei tends to be quieter than a shawm. The double reed in the instrument is capped. The instrument is often mentioned in medieval French literature and art, depicted as being played by rustic figures.

All instances of the instruments today are reconstructed based on an instrument found on the wreck of the Mary Rose, during salvage operations in the 1980s. However, this instrument could also have been dulzaina.{{Cite journal |last=Myers |first=Herbert W. |date=1983 |title=The Mary Rose 'Shawm' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3138024 |journal=Early Music |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=358–360 |doi=10.1093/earlyj/11.3.358 |jstor=3138024 |issn=0306-1078|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=Frances |date=1 January 1983 |title=Musical instruments from the Mary Rose: A report on work in progress |url=https://academic.oup.com/em/article-abstract/11/1/53/461396?redirectedFrom=PDF |journal=Early Music |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=53–60 |doi=10.1093/earlyj/11.1.53 |via=Oxford Academic|url-access=subscription }} Today, reconstructions are made in soprano, tenor and alto sizes.{{Cite web |title=Music in the Daily Life of Vermeer: The Shawm |url=http://www.essentialvermeer.com/folk_music/shawm_a.html |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=www.essentialvermeer.com}}

{{Commons}}