honorary Aryan
{{short description|Nazi-era classification of people}}
{{distinguish|honorary whites}}
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| image1 = Japanese young ladies stage show for Hitlerjugend 1938.jpg
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| caption1 = Japanese women doing a revue during a visit by the Hitler Youth and Nazi officials
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| caption2 = Wang Jingwei of the Japanese-puppet government in Nanking of China with German diplomats in 1941
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Honorary Aryan ({{langx|de|Ehrenarier}}{{Cite book |title=HITLER: El Hombre detras del Monstruo. |publisher=Edimat |year=2017 |isbn=978-84-9794-380-2 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=26 |language=Spanish}}) was a semi-official category and expression used in Nazi Germany and its territories to justify certain individuals who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, were not recognized as belonging to the Aryan race, but who were nonetheless spared persecution and granted equal rights, although they continued to be regarded as inferior to the Aryan race.{{Cite book|last1= Steiner|first1=John |last2= Freiherr von Cornberg|first2=Jobst |date=1998 |title=Willkür in der Willkür : Befreiungen von den antisemitischen Nürnberger Gesetzen |trans-title=Arbitrariness in arbitrariness:Exemptions from the anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws |url= https://www.ifz-muenchen.de/heftarchiv/1998_2_1_steiner.pdf|language= de|publisher= Institut fûr Zeitgeschichte|quote= Den Begriff „Ehrenarier" gab es offiziell nicht, nur in der Umgangssprache. Er bedeutete wohl, daß ein jüdischer Mischling auf Grund seiner Stellung und Verdienste im Reich wie ein Arier angesehen wurde und keinerlei Anstalten machen mußte, eine Besserstellung oder Gleichstellung durch Hitler zu erreichen.}} Some Mischling (individuals of mixed European and Jewish ancestry) were granted Honorary Aryan status for their contributions to Germany and loyalty to the Nazi Party.
The bestowal of the status of "Honorary Aryan" upon certain "non-Aryan" people or peoples was typically not well-documented, due to the semi-official nature of the category. Rationales included the services of those individuals or peoples who were deemed valuable to the German economy or war effort, political considerations, and propaganda value."In the Wind", The Nation Vol. 147, Issue 7. August 13, 1938
In the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi client state, this term was used by Ante Pavelić to protect some Jews from persecution who had been useful to the state.{{Cite book|last=Rees|first=Laurence|title=The Holocaust: A New History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRBuDgAAQBAJ&q=Honorary+Aryan&pg=PT271|publisher=PublicAffairs|date=2017|isbn=9781610398459}}
Notable inclusions
=Individuals=
- Helmuth Wilberg, a Luftwaffe general and 1st-degree Mischling,{{efn|A 1st-degree Mischling was someone classified as having two Jewish grandparents}} was declared to be Aryan in 1935 by Hitler at the instigation of Hermann Göring.Corum, James (1997) The Luftwaffe: Creating the Operational Air War, 1918–1940. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p.127 {{ISBN|978-0-7006-0836-2}}
- Amin al-Husseini, a Palestinian and the Mufti of the British Mandate of Palestine, was granted the status of Honorary Aryan by Hitler.{{cite book |title=Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East |last1=Rubin |first1=Barry |author-link1=Barry Rubin |last2=Schwanitz |first2=Wolfgang G. |author-link2=Wolfgang G. Schwanitz |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=UHe9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |date=2014 |page=7 |isbn=978-0-300-14090-3}}
- Stephanie von Hohenlohe, a Jewish-Austrian princess by marriage and a spy for Nazi Germany, was declared an honorary Aryan by Heinrich Himmler.Jim Wilson (2011) Nazi Princess: Hitler, Lord Rothermere and Princess Stephanie von Hohenlohe {{ISBN|978-0-7524-6114-4}}.
- Emil Maurice, Hitler's first personal chauffeur and a very early member of the Nazi-Party, was a member of the SS, but ran afoul of Heinrich Himmler's rules, which required SS men to have deep Aryan ancestry. Maurice's great-grandfather was Jewish, and Himmler considered him a security-risk. He tried to have him thrown out of the SS, but Hitler stood by his old friend and, in a secret letter dated 31 August 1935, required Himmler to allow Maurice and his brothers to remain in the organization. They were to be considered "Honorary Aryans".Hoffmann, Peter (2000) [1979]. Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921–1945. New York: Da Capo Press. pp.50-51 {{ISBN|978-0-30680-947-7}}
- Sophie Lehár (née Paschal), the wife of the composer Franz Lehár, had been Jewish before her conversion to Catholicism upon her marriage. Hitler enjoyed Lehár's music and the Nazis made some propaganda use of it. After Joseph Goebbels intervened on Lehár's behalf,Elke Froehlich (Hrsg.): Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels. Teil I Aufzeichnungen 1923–1945 Band 5. Dez 1937 – Juli 1938. K.G. Saur, München 2000, S. 313. Mrs. Lehár was given in 1938 the status of "Honorary Aryan" by marriage.Frey (1999), pp. 338f. At least one attempt was made to have her deported, but it was thwarted by her special status.
- Helene Mayer, a German-born fencer who had been forced to leave Germany in 1935 and resettle in the United States because she was Jewish, took part as an "Honorary Aryan" at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, where she won the silver medal for Germany.
- Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, an aeronautical engineer and test-pilot whose father had been born Jewish, was given Honorary Aryan status.
=Demographics=
- Hitler declared the Japanese people as Honorary Aryans, which granted them equal rights.{{cite book |last1=Farrell |first1=Joseph P. |title=Reich of the Black Sun: Nazi Secret Weapons & the Cold War Allied Legend |date=2004 |publisher=Adventures Unlimited Press |isbn=9781931882392 |page=117 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoZhZ48Fxo4C&q=Japanese+Honorary+Aryan&pg=PA117 |access-date=30 July 2018 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=James Truslow |title=History of the United States: Cumulative (loose-leaf) history of the United States |date=1933 |publisher=C. Scribner's sons |pages=260, 436 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isk6AQAAIAAJ&q=Japanese+Honorary+Aryan |access-date=30 July 2018 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |title=Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror |date=1997 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=9781439901519 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNtUW9PV8WcC&q=Japanese+Honorary+Aryan&pg=PA53 |access-date=30 July 2018 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Narula |first1=Uma |last2=Pearce |first2=W. Barnett |title=Cultures, Politics, and Research Programs: An International Assessment of Practical Problems in Field Research |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136462689 |page=105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRzHe8y0T-4C&q=Japanese+Honorary+Aryan&pg=PA105 |access-date=30 July 2018 |language=en}}Snyder (1976). Encyclopedia of the Third Reich, p. 170.
- There had been extensive cooperation between China and Germany from 1926, but this became untenable when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out and Japan insisted on a cessation. Germany signed the Tripartite Pact, along with Japan and Italy, at the end of 1940. In July 1941, Hitler officially recognized Wang Jingwei's puppet government in Nanking. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, China formally joined the Allies and declared war on Nazi Germany on December 9, 1941. This, combined with the earlier restrictions placed on the Chinese by the Nazis, led to the persecution of the Chinese in Nazi Germany.{{cite book |last = Griffith |first = Ike |title = Germans and Chinese |year = 1999 |publisher = Cal University Press }}{{cite book |last = Kirby |first = William |author-link = William C. Kirby |title = Germany and Republican China |year = 1984 |publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 0-8047-1209-3 }}
See also
- Anti-Comintern Pact
- Eduard Bloch, who Hitler referred to as a noble Jew ({{langx|de|Edeljude}})
- Germany–Japan industrial co-operation before World War II
- German–Japanese relations
- Honorary whites
- Model minority
- Presidential exemption (Slovak State)
- Racial policy of Nazi Germany
- Tripartite Pact
- Gunther Burstyn
References
Books
- {{cite book |first=Stefan| last=Ihrig|author-link=Stefan Ihrig |title=Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674368378 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|date=20 November 2014 |page=129 |isbn=9780674368378}}
Informational notes
{{Notelist}}
Citations
{{Reflist}}