hyaenodon

{{Automatic taxobox

|fossil_range = {{fossil range|52.0|16.9}} Early Eocene to Early Miocene

|image = Hyaenodon (1).jpg

|image_caption = Mounted H. sp. skeleton, Science Museum of Minnesota

|display_parents = 4

|parent_authority = Leidy, 1869Leidy J. (1869). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60918#page/7/mode/1up "On the extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska: including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America."] Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 7: 1–472.

|taxon = Hyaenodon

|authority = Laizer & Parieu, 1838

|type_species = †Hyaenodon leptorhynchus

|type_species_authority = Laizer and Parieu, 1838

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = {{center|[see classification]}}

|synonyms =

{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=synonyms of genus:

|Gobipterodon {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}A. V. Lavrov (1999.) [https://static.freereferats.ru/_avtoreferats/01000233253.pdf "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia."] in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].

|Macrohyaenodon {{small|(Lavrov & Emry, 1998)}}

|Macropterodon {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Megalopterodon {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1964)}}

|Microhyaenodon {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Neohyaenodon {{small|(Thorpe, 1922)}}

|Prohyaenodon {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Protohyaenodon {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}

|Pseudopterodon {{small|(Schlosser, 1887)}}

|Taxotherium {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}

}}

{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=synonyms of species:

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. brachyrhynchus:

|Canis brachyrhynchus {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}

|Hyaenodon brachyrhenchus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Hyaenodon cuvieri {{small|(Pictet, 1853)}}F. J. Pictet (1853.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48934#page/9/mode/1up "Traité de Paléontologie."] I (2^e edit.):584 p. + atlas 110 pl.

|Hyaenodon leptorhynchus {{small|(Dujardin, 1840)}}F. Dujardin (1840.) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k29690/f134.item "Note sur une tête fossile Hyaenodon trouvée au bord du Tarn, près de Rabastens."] Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 10:134-135

|Hyaenodon parisiensis {{small|(Laurillard, 1845)}}Ch. Laurillard (1845.) "Hyaenodon." in: d'Orbigny: "Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire naturelle 1-6": 767-769, Renard, Martinet édit., Paris

|Hyaenodon vulpinum {{small|(Filhol, 1877)}}

|Hyaenodon vulpinus {{small|(Gervais, 1873)}}

|Nasua parisiensis {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}

|Pterodon brachyrhynchus {{small|(Pomel, 1846)}}A. Pomel (1846.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240488#page/405/mode/1up "Note sur le Pterodon, genre voisin des Dasyures dont plusieurs espèces ont été trouvées dans les terrains tertiaires."] Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 4(2):385-393

|Pterodon cuvieri {{small|(Pomel, 1846)}}

|Taxotherium parisiense {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. brevirostrus:

|Hyaenodon brevirostris {{small|(Joeckel, 1997)}}R. M. Joeckel, H. W. Bond and G. W. Kabalka (1997). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4523821 "Internal Anatomy of the Snout and Paranasal Sinuses of Hyaenodon (Mammalia, Creodonta)"] Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 440-446

|Protohyaenodon brevirostrus {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. chunkhtensis:

|Microhyaenodon chunkhtensis {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. crucians:

|Hyaenodon leptocephalus {{small|(Scott, 1888)}}W. B. Scott (1888). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224106#page/171/mode/1up "On some new and little know creodonts."] Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9:155-185

|Hyaenodon minutus {{small|(Douglass, 1902)}}

|Hyaenodon paucidens {{small|(Osborn & Wortman, 1894)}}H. F. Osborn and J. L. Wortman (1894). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1568//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B006a07.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Fossil mammals of the Lower Miocene White River beds. Collection of 1892."] Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 6(7):199-228

|Protohyaenodon crucians {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

|Prtohyaenodon crucians {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Pseudopterodon minutus {{small|(Douglass, 1902)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. dubius:

|Hyaenodon aymardi {{small|(Filhol, 1882)}}H. Filhol (1882). "Étude des Mammifères de Ronzon (Haute-Loire)." Ann. Sci. géol., Paris, 12(3):270 p., 25 pl.

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. exiguus:

|Hyaenodon exigus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Pterodon exiguum {{small|(Gervais, 1873)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. filholi:

|Hyaenodon compressus {{small|(Filhol, 1876)}}

|Hyaenodon vulpinus {{small|(Filhol, 1876)}}

|Microhyaenodon filholi {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Pseudopterodon ganodus {{small|(Schlosser, 1887)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. gervaisi:

|Hyaenodon ambiguous

|Hyaenodon ambiguus {{small|(Martin, 1906)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. gigas:

|Macropterodon zelenovi {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Neohyaenodon gigas {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. heberti:

|Hyaenodon arnaudi {{small|(Depéret, 1917)}}Depéret C. (1917). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112216#page/6/mode/1up "Monographie de la faune de mammiféres fossiles du Ludien inférieur d'Euget-les-Bains (Gard)."] Ann. Univ. Lyon (N. S.), Div. 1, 40, 1-288.

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. horridus:

|Hyaenodon cruentus {{small|(Leidy, 1853)}}

|Neohyaenodon horridus {{small|(Thorpe, 1922)}}

|Neohyaenodon semseyi {{small|(Kretzoi, 1941)}}Kretzoi, M. (1941). [http://epa.oszk.hu/01600/01635/00417/pdf/EPA01635_foldtani_kozlony_1941_71_04-06_170-176.pdf "Ausländische Säugetierfossilien der Ungarischen Museen. (1-4)"] Földtani Közlöny, vol. 71, nos. 4-6, pp. 1-6

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. incertus:

|Gobipterodon exploratus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Hyaenodon exploratus {{small|(Polly, 1993)}}P. D. Polly (1993.) [https://www.academia.edu/20068607/Hyaenodontidae_Creodonta_Mammalia_from_the_early_Eocene_Four_Mile_Fauna_and_their_biostratigraphic_implications "Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene Four Mile Fauna and their biostratigraphic implications."] PaleoBios, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1-10

|Neohyaenodon incertus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Pterodon exploratus {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1985)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. leptorhynchus:

|Canis leptorhynchus {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}

|Hyaenodon bavaricus {{small|(Dehm, 1935)}}R. Dehm (1935). [http://publikationen.badw.de/de/001933670/pdf/CC%20BY "Über tertiäre Spaltenfüllungen im Fränkischen und Schwäbischen Jura [On Tertiary fissure fillings in the Franconian and Swabian Jura]."] Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 29:1-86

|Hyaenodon cayluxi {{small|(Filhol, 1876)}}

|Hyaenodon martini {{small|(Depéret, 1917)}}

|Hyaenodon milloquensis {{small|(Martin, 1906)}}

|Pterodon leptorhynchus {{small|(Pomel, 1846)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. macrocephalus:

|Neohyaenodon macrocephalus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. megaloides:

|Neohyaenodon megaloides {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. microdon:

|Microhyaenodon microdon {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Protohyaenodon microdon {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. milvinus:

|Neohyaenodon milvinus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. minor:

|Hyaenodon aimi {{small|(Cooper, 1926)}}Forster Cooper, C. (1926). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222932608633530 "Hyænodon aimi, sp. n., and a note on the occurrence of Anthracotherium minus from the Headon Beds at Hordle."] Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)18(106):370–373

|Hyaenodon hantonensis {{small|(Lydekker, 1884)}}R. Lydekker (1884.) [https://pdf.zlibcdn.com/dtoken/2271667e518b6f5cb27b077a53a36999/s0016756800185826.pdf "Notes on some fossil Carnivora and Rodentia."] Geol. Mag., London, (3)1:442-445, 2 figs.

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. mongoliensis:

|Epipterodon mongoliensis {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Megalopterodon mongoliensis {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1964)}}

|Neohyaenodon mongoliensis {{small|(Morlo & Nagel, 2006)}}Michael Morlo, Doris Nagel (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248545738_New_remains_of_Hyaenodontidae_Creodonta_Mammalia_from_the_Oligocene_of_Central_Mongolia "New remains of Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Oligocene of Central Mongolia."] Annales de Paléontologie 92(3):305-321

|Pterodon mongoliensis {{small|(Van Valen, 1967)}}L. Van Valen (1967). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/358 "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification."] Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. montanus:

|Protohyaenodon montanus

|Neohyaenodon montanus {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. mustelinus:

|Hyaenodon mustilinius

|Prohyaenodon mustelinus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Protohyaenodon mustelinus {{small|(Scott, 1894)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. pervagus:

|Hyaenodon neimongoliensis {{small|(Huang & Zhu, 2002)}}{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Xue-Shi |last2=Zhu |first2=Bao-Cheng |title=Creodont (mammalia) remains from the Early Oligocene of Ulantatal, Nei Mongol |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |date=15 March 2002 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=17 |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract856.shtml |access-date=19 November 2023 |language=en |issn=2096-9899}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. pumilus:

|Microhyaenodon pumilus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. raineyi:

|Microhyaenodon raineyi {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Protohyaenodon raineyi {{small|(Gustafson, 1986)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. requieni:

|Hyaenodon heberti euzetensis {{small|(Depéret, 1917)}}

|Pterodon requieni {{small|(Gervais, 1846)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. venturae:

|Hyaenodon exiguus {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}

|Microhyaenodon venturae {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}

|Protohyaenodon exiguus {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}

|Protohyaenodon venturae {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. vetus:

|Neohyaenodon vetus {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

|Pterodon californicus {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}

}}

|{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=H. yuanchuensis:

|Hyaenodon yuanchüensis {{small|(Young, 1937)}}

}}

|synonyms_ref = J. Alroy (2002). "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."

}}

Hyaenodon ("hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous placental mammals from extinct tribe Hyaenodontini within extinct subfamily Hyaenodontinae (in extinct family Hyaenodontidae),Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=F4jknQEACAAJ "Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level"], Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pages. {{page|year=|isbn=978-0-231-11013-6|pages=}} that lived in Eurasia and North America from the early Eocene to the early Miocene.

Description

File:Hyaenodon horridus skull.jpg

File:Hyaenodon NT small.jpg

Typical of early carnivorous mammals, individuals of Hyaenodon had a very massive skull, but a small brain. The skull is long with a narrow snout—much larger in relation to the length of the skull than in canine carnivores, for instance. The neck was shorter than the skull, while the body was long and robust and terminated in a long tail. Compared to the larger (but not closely related) Hyainailouros, the dentition of Hyaenodon was geared more towards shearing meat and less towards bone crushing.{{Cite book |last1=Wang |first1=Xiaoming |last2=Tedford |first2=Richard H. |title=Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-231-13528-3 |page=1|doi=10.7312/wang13528 |jstor=10.7312/wang13528 }}

Some species of this genus were among the largest terrestrial carnivorous mammals of their time; others were only of the size of a marten. Remains of many species are known from North America, Europe, and Asia. The average weight of adult or subadult H. horridus, the largest North American species, is estimated to about {{cvt|40|kg}} and may not have exceeded {{cvt|60|kg}}. H. gigas, the largest Hyaenodon species, was much larger, being {{cvt|378|kg}} and around {{cvt|10|ft|0}}. H. crucians from the early Oligocene of North America is estimated to only {{cvt|10|to|25|kg}}. H. microdon and H. mustelinus from the late Eocene of North America were even smaller and weighed probably about {{cvt|5|kg}}.{{cite journal |author=Egi, Naoko |year=2001 |title=Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids. |journal=Palaeontology |volume=44 |number=3 |pages=497–528 |doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00189 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2001Palgy..44..497E |s2cid=128832577}}

=Tooth eruption=

Studies on juvenile Hyaenodon specimens show that the animal had a very unusual system of tooth replacement. Juveniles took about 3–4 years to complete the final stage of eruption, implying a long adolescent phase. In North American forms, the first upper premolar erupts before the first upper molar, while European forms show an earlier eruption of the first upper molar.{{cite journal |last=Bastl |first=Katharina Anna |year=2013 |title=First evidence of the tooth eruption sequence of the upper jaw in Hyaenodon (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) and new information on the ontogenetic development of its dentition |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=481–494 |doi=10.1007/s12542-013-0207-z|s2cid=85304920 }}

Paleoecology

The various species of Hyaenodon competed with each other and with other hyaenodont genera (including Sinopa, Dissopsalis and Hyainailurus), and played important roles as predators in ecological communities as late as the Miocene in Asia and preyed on a variety of prey species such as primitive horses like Mesohippus, Brontotheres, early camels, oreodonts and even primitive rhinos. Species of Hyaenodon have been shown to have successfully preyed on other large carnivores of their time, including a nimravid ("false sabertooth cat"), according to analysis of tooth puncture marks on a fossil Dinictis skull found in North Dakota.John W. Hoganson and Jeff Person (2010). [https://www.dmr.nd.gov/dmr/sites/www/files/documents/paleontology/pdfs/articles-and-publications/Hoganson--Person-2010-SVP-poster.pdf "Tooth puncture marks on a skull of Dinictis (Nimravidae) from the Oligocene Brule Formation of Northe Dakota attributed to predation by Hyaenodon (Hyaenodontidae)"], North Dakota Geological SurveyJohn W. Hoganson and Jeff Person (2011). [https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/documents/newsletter/2011Summer/Toothpuncturemarks.pdf "Tooth puncture marks on a 30 million year old Dinictis skull."], Geo News, p. 12-17 Zigzag Hunter–Schreger bands in the enamel indicate that bone was a significant component of the diet of Hyaenodon.{{Cite journal |last=Bastl |first=Katharina |last2=Semprebon |first2=Gina |last3=Nagel |first3=Doris |date=1 September 2012 |title=Low‐magnification microwear in Carnivora and dietary diversity in Hyaenodon (Mammalia: Hyaenodontidae) with additional information on its enamel microstructure |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003101821200301X |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=348-349 |pages=13–20 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.05.026 |access-date=7 November 2024 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}

In North America the last Hyaenodon, in the form of H. brevirostrus, disappeared in the late Oligocene.{{cite journal |last=Van Valkenburgh |first=Blaire |date=1994 |title=Extinction and replacement among predatory mammals in the North American late Eocene and Oligocene: Tracking a paleoguild over twelve million years |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10292389409380474 |journal=Historical Biology |volume=8 |issue=1–4 |pages=129–150 |doi=10.1080/10292389409380474 |bibcode=1994HBio....8..129V |access-date=12 April 2022}} In Europe, they had already vanished earlier in the Oligocene.

Classification and phylogeny

File:Hyaenodon Heinrich Harder.jpeg (around 1920)]]

File:Hyaenodon and Leptomeryx.jpg by W. B. Scott (1913)]]

=Taxonomy=

class="wikitable"

style="vertical-align:top;"

Tribe: †Hyaenodontini {{small|(Leidy, 1869)}}
Genus: †Hyaenodon {{small|(Laizer & Parieu, 1838)}}
†Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus {{small|(Blainville, 1841)}}Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1841.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265882#page/9/mode/1up "Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles."] Tome 2: Secondates et Subursus, 123 p.; Viverras, 100 p. et atlas, 117 pl. Baillėte édit. Paris.
†Hyaenodon chunkhtensis {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1985)}}Dashzeveg D. (1985.) "Nouveau Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Mammalia) du Paléogène de Mongolie." Annales de Paléontologie 71:223–256
†Hyaenodon dubius {{small|(Filhol, 1873)}}Filhol, H. (1873.) "Sur les Vertébrés fossiles trouvés dans les dépôts de phosphate de chaux du Quercy." Bull. Soc. Pholomath. Paris (6) 10, 85-89.
†Hyaenodon eminus {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1925)}}Matthew W. D. & Granger W. (1925.) [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4476//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0193.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "New creodonts and rodents from the Ardyn Obo Formation of Mongolia."] American Museum Novitates 193:1–11.
†Hyaenodon exiguus {{small|(Gervais, 1873)}}Gervais P. (1873.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44776#page/392/mode/1up "Mammifères dont les ossements accompagnent les dépôts de chaux phosphatée des départements du Tarn-et.Garonne et du Lot."] Journal de Zoologie, Paris, 2:356-380
†Hyaenodon filholi {{small|(Schlosser, 1887)}}M. Schlosser (1887.) [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/BPalOeU_008_0001-0106.pdf "Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des Europaischen Tertiars."] Beitrage zur Paleontologie Osterreich-Ungarns un des Orients 6:1-224
†Hyaenodon gervaisi {{small|(Martin, 1906)}}R. Martin (1906.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9972648#page/7/mode/1up "Revision der obereocænen und unteroligocænen Creodonten Europas."] Rev. Suisse Zool., 14, (3), pp. 405-500
†Hyaenodon heberti {{small|(Filhol, 1876)}}H. Filhol (1876.) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k432583h/f139.item "Recherches sur les phospohorites du Quercy. Étude des fossiles qi'on y rencontre et spécialement des Mammifères."] Annales des Sciences Géologiques, Paris, 7(7):220 p., pl. 11-36; 1877:art. 1, 340 p., 28 pl.
†Hyaenodon leptorhynchus {{small|(Laizer & Parieu, 1838)}}Laizer, L. D. and Parieu, D. (1838.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81350#page/1018/mode/1up "Description et détermination d'une mâchoire fossile appartenant à un mammifère jusqu'à présent inconnu, Hyaenodon leptorhynchus."] Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, 7:442
†Hyaenodon lingbaoensis {{small|(Li, 2025)}}{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Q. |last2=Sheng |first2=J. Q. |last3=Bi |first3=A. |last4=Li |first4=Q. |year=2025 |title=A new small Hyaenodon (Hyaenodonta: Hyaenodontinae) from the Eocene Lingbao Basin, Henan Province, China |url=https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25668 |journal=The Anatomical Record |doi=10.1002/ar.25668 |pmid=40186436}}
†Hyaenodon minor {{small|(Lange-Badré, 1979)}}Lange-Badré, B. (1979.) [https://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_MECST_S00C_1979_T042_N001_1 "Les créodontes (Mammalia) d'Europe occidentale de l'Éocène supérieur à l'Oligocène supérieur."] Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 42: 1–249
†Hyaenodon pervagus {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1924)}}W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1924.) [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/3213//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0104.pdf "New Carnivora from the Tertiary of Mongolia."] American Museum Novitates 104:1-9
†Hyaenodon pumilus {{small|(Lavrov, 2019)}}{{Cite journal |author=A. V. Lavrov |year=2019 |title=New material on small hyenodons Hyaenodontinae, Creodonta) from the Paleogene of Mongolia |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=418–431 |doi=10.1134/S0031030119040063 |bibcode=2019PalJ...53..418L |s2cid=201654889 |url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38502636}}
†Hyaenodon requieni {{small|(Gervais, 1846)}}Gervais P. (1846.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21152#page/858/mode/1up "Mémoire sur quelques Mammifères fossiles du Vaucluse."] Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris, T. 22, pp. 845-846.
†Hyaenodon rossignoli {{small|(Lange-Badré, 1979)}}
†Hyaenodon weilini {{small|(Wang, 2005)}}X. Wang, Z. Qiu and B. Wang (2005.) [https://www.uv.es/pe/2005_1/wang6/wang6.pdf "Hyaenodonts and carnivorans from the early Oligocene to early Miocene of the Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China."] Palaeontologia Electronica, Vol. 8, Issue 1; 6A: Pages 1-14
†Hyaenodon yuanchuensis {{small|(Young, 1937)}}C. Young (1937.) [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1937.mp173-4012.x "An early Tertiary vertebrate fauna from Yuanchü."] Bulletin of the geological society of China 17(3-4):413-438
Subgenus: †Neohyaenodon ^{(paraphyletic subgenus)} {{small|(Thorpe, 1922)}}M. R. Thorpe (1922.) "A new genus of Oligocene Hyaenodontidae." American Journal of Science 3(16):277-287
†Hyaenodon gigas {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1985)}}
†Hyaenodon horridus {{small|(Leidy, 1853)}}Leidy, J. (1853.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1779609#page/414/mode/1up "Remarks on a collection of fossil Mammalia from Nebraska."] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 6:392-394.
†Hyaenodon incertus {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1985)}}
†Hyaenodon macrocephalus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}
†Hyaenodon megaloides {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}J. S. Mellett (1977.) "Paleobiology of North American Hyaenodon (Mammalia, Creodonta)." Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution 1:1-134
†Hyaenodon milvinus {{small|(Lavrov, 1999)}}
†Hyaenodon mongoliensis {{small|(Dashzeveg, 1964)}}D. Dashzeveg (1964.) [https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app09/app09-263.pdf "On two Oligocene Hyaenodontidae from Erghilyin-Dzo (Mongolian People's Republic)."] Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 9(2):263-274
†Hyaenodon montanus {{small|(Douglass, 1902)}}E. Douglass (1902.) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1005478.pdf "Fossil Mammalia of the White River beds of Montana."] Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 20:237-279
†Hyaenodon vetus {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}C. Stock (1933.) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1086016/ "Hyaenodontidae of the Upper Eocene of California."] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 19(4):434-440
Subgenus: †Protohyaenodon ^{(paraphyletic subgenus)} {{small|(Stock, 1933)}}
†Hyaenodon brevirostrus {{small|(Macdonald, 1970)}}J. R. Macdonald (1970.) "Review of the Miocene Wounded Knee faunas of southwestern South Dakota." Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Science 8:165-82
†Hyaenodon crucians {{small|(Leidy, 1853)}}
†Hyaenodon microdon {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}
†Hyaenodon mustelinus {{small|(Scott, 1894)}}William Berryman Scott (1894.) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c045822403&view=1up&seq=45&skin=2021 "The osteology of Hyaenodon"] Journal of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (2), 9, 291-323
†Hyaenodon raineyi {{small|(Gustafson, 1986)}}E. P. Gustafson (1986.) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278410371_Carnivorous_mammals_of_the_Late_Eocene_and_Early_Oligocene_of_Trans-Pecos_Texas "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas."] Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66
†Hyaenodon venturae {{small|(Mellett, 1977)}}

References

Category:Hyaenodonts

Category:Eocene mammals

Category:Eocene genus first appearances

Category:Oligocene mammals

Category:Miocene mammals

Category:Miocene genus extinctions

Category:Cenozoic mammals of Asia

Category:Cenozoic mammals of North America

Category:Cenozoic mammals of Europe

Category:White River Fauna

Category:Prehistoric placental genera

Category:Fossil taxa described in 1838