hydroid (botany)

{{for|the animals|Hydrozoa|Hydroid (zoology)}}

A hydroid is a type of vascular cell that occurs in certain bryophytes. In some mosses such as members of the Polytrichaceae family, hydroids form the innermost layer of cells in the stem. At maturity they are long, colourless, thin walled cells of small diameter, containing water but no living protoplasm. Collectively, hydroids function as a conducting tissue, known as the hydrome, transporting water and minerals drawn from the soil. They are surrounded by bundles of living cells known as leptoids which carry sugars and other nutrients in solution. The hydroids are analogous to the tracheids of vascular plants but there is no lignin present in the cell walls to provide structural support.{{Cite journal

| issn = 0007-196X

| volume = 36

| issue = 4

| pages = 406–24

| last1 = Mishler

| first1 = Brent D.

| last2 = Churchill

| first2 = Steven P.

| title = A Cladistic Approach to the Phylogeny of the "Bryophytes"

| journal = Brittonia| year = 1984

| doi = 10.2307/2806602

| jstor = 2806602

| bibcode = 1984Britt..36..406M

| s2cid = 85185192

}}{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/82573/bryophyte/57927/Form-and-function |title=Bryophyte: Form and function |author=Schofield, Wilfred Borden |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2012-12-17}}

Hydroids have been found in some fossilised plants from the Rhynie chert, including Aglaophyton, where they were initially mistaken for xylem tracheids.{{Citation |last=Edwards |first=David S. |year=1986 |title=Aglaophyton major, a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie Chert |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=173–204 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01020.x }}