hyperproinsulinemia

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Hyperproinsulinemia is a disease where insulin is not sufficiently processed before secretion{{cite journal |vauthors=Dhanvantari S, Shen FS, Adams T, etal |title=Disruption of a receptor-mediated mechanism for intracellular sorting of proinsulin in familial hyperproinsulinemia |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=17 |issue=9 |pages=1856–67 |date=September 2003 |pmid=12829804 |doi=10.1210/me.2002-0380 |url=http://mend.endojournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12829804 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414151924/http://mend.endojournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12829804 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2013 |doi-access=free }} and immature forms of insulin make up the majority of circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both fasting and glucose-stimulated conditions (insulin immunoreactivity refers to all molecules detectable by an insulin antibody, i.e. insulin, proinsulin, and proinsulin-like material). The term is composed of hyper - high, proinsulin - immature insulin molecule, and -emia - blood condition.{{cn|date=May 2022}}

Hyperproinsulinemia is more frequent in type 2 diabetes. It has been attributed to either a direct β-cells defect or an indirect effect of cell dysregulation under sustained elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia).{{cn|date=May 2022}}

Some alleles of insulin can cause hyperproinsulinemia (see table 2: [https://web.archive.org/web/20061022072727/http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd020843.html monogenic forms of type 1 diabetes, INS (insulin)]. For a more detailed descriptions of the insulin gene variations leading to hyperproinsulinemia see NCBI's [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=176730 OMIM 176730]

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