ibn Qutaybah

His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in what is now Iraq.John C. Lamoreaux, The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation, pg. 27. SUNY series in Islamic spirituality. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. {{ISBN|9780791488607}}John C. Lamoreaux, "Sources on Ibn Bahlul's Chapter on Dream Interpretation." Taken from Augustine and His Opponents, Jerome, Other Latin Fathers After Nicaea, Orientalia, pg. 555. Ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone. Volume 33 of Studia patristica. Peeters Publishers, 1997. {{ISBN|9789068318685}} He was of Persian descent; his father was from Merv, Khorasan. Having studied tradition and philology he became qadi in Dinawar during the reign of Al-Mutawakkil, and afterwards a teacher in Baghdad. He was the first representative of the school of Baghdad philologists that succeeded the schools of Kufa and Basra.{{EB1911 |wstitle=Ibn Qutaiba |volume=14 |page=222 |first=Griffithes Wheeler |last=Thatcher |inline=1}} He was known as a vocal opponent of "gentile" or shu'ubi Islam, i.e. openness to non-Islamic wisdom and values.{{cite book |last1=Hoyland |first1=Robert G. |title=In God's Path The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire |date=2014 |pages=217–8 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/1789284/in-god-s-path/robert-g-hoyland/ |access-date=14 January 2020}}

He was viewed by Sunni Muslims as a hadith Master, foremost philologist, linguist, and man of letters. In addition to his literary criticism and anthologies, he was also known for his work in the problems of Tafsir or Qur'anic interpretation. He also authored works on astronomy and legal theory.Introduction to The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology , pg. 22. Eds. Shahid Rahman, Tony Street and Hassan Tahiri. Volume 11 of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science Series

The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology and Their Interactions. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008. {{ISBN|9781402084058}} His book Uyun al-Akhbar, along with the romantic literature of Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri and Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur, were considered by lexicographer Ibn Duraid to be the three most important works for those who wished to speak and write eloquently.Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Defing Adab by re-defining the Adib: Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur and storytelling." Taken from On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature, pg. 303. Ed. Philip F. Kennedy. Volume 6 of Studies in Arabic language and literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. {{ISBN|9783447051828}}Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Ibn Abi Tayfur versus al-Jahiz." Taken from ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, pg. 250. Ed. James Edward Montgomery. Volume 135 of Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Peeters Publishers, 2004. {{ISBN|9789042914339}}

{{quote|There can be no government without an army,

No army without money,

No money without prosperity,

And no prosperity without justice and good administration.|Ibn Qutaybah on good government.The Economist, 24 May 2008. London: Economist Group.}}

His work Taʾwīl mukhtalif al-ḥadīth was an influential early Atharite treatise that rebuked rationalists on the nature of Tradition. In his treatise, Ibn Qutayba censures the mutakallimūn (scholastic theologians) for holding contradictory and differing views on the principles of religion.{{Cite book|last1=Schmidtke |first1=Sabine |title=The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology |last2=Abrahamov |first2=Binyamim |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-969670-3 | location= New York |pages=276|chapter=Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology}}

Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 1062 CE) gathered passages from Ibn Qutayba's Kitāb mushkil al-Qurʾān and Kitāb ghafīb al-Qurʾān and arranged them to be in the same order as the relevant Qurʾān chapters in a work called Kitāb al-Qurṭayn.Roberto Tottoli, 'The Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ of Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 454/1062): Stories of the Prophets from al-Andalus', Al-Qantara, 19.1 (1998), 131–60.{{rp|135}}

He wrote more than 60 books,Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch, Great books of Islamic civilization, Pakistan Hijra Council, 1989, p. 136 including :

• Gharīb al-Qur'an, (var., Mushkil al-Qur'an), lexical complexities in the Qur'an.
• Ta’wīl Mukhtalif al-Hadīth, (The Interpretation of Conflicting Narrations), defence of hadiths against Mu'tazilite critics.{{cite book|last1 = A.C. Brown|first1 = Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan A.C. Brown|title = Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (Foundations of Islam series)|date = 2009|publisher = Oneworld Publications|isbn = 978-1851686636|page = 166}}
• Kitāb Adab al-Kātib (“Ibn Kutaiba’s Adab al-Kātib,” ed. Max Grünert, Leiden, 1900)
• Kitāb al-Anwā’. (Hyderabad, 1956)[https://archive.org/details/20190926_20190926_0610 Online link].
• Kitāb al-Ma‘ānī al-Kabīr fī Abyāt al-Ma‘ānī. 2 vols. (Hyderabad, 1949)
• Kitāb al-Ma’ārif, short universal history, from Creation to the Jāhiliyya (pre-Islamic); with index of the Companions, famous jurists and masters of hadīth („Ibn Coteiba’s Handbuch de Geschichte“, ed., Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, Gottingen, 1850); (ed., Tharwat ‘Ukāshah, Cairo, 1960).
• Kitāb al-Shi‘r wa-al-Shu‘arā’ (“Liber Poësie et Poëtarum,” ed., M. J de Goeje, Leiden, 1904)
• Kitab ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. 4 vols. (Cairo, 1925-30); biographic history of eminent figures.See: Luisa Arvide, Relatos, University of Almeria Press, Almeria 2004 (in Arabic and Spanish).Arvide Cambra, L.M. (2014), "Kitab 'Uyun al-Akhbar of Ibn Qutayba (828-889)", Advances in Education Research (Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Social Science, ICASS 2014), vol. 51, pp. 650-653.
• Kitāb al-Amwāl
• Kitāb al-‘Arab wa ‘Ulūmuhā; history of Arab scholars
• Kitāb al-Ashriba; alcoholic beverages.
• Kitāb Dalā’il al-Nubuwwa, or A‘lām al-Nubuwwa on the Proofs of the Prophets.
• Kitāb Fad.l al-‘Arab ‘alā al-‘Ajam, in praise of the Arabs over the Persians; translated into English as The Excellence of the Arabs (NYU Press, 2017)
• Kitāb I‘rāb al-Qur’ān, a philological commentary on the Qur'ān.
• Kitāb al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Lafz wa al-Radd ‘alā al-Jahmiyya wal-Mushabbiha, a refutation of the Allegorizers and Anthropomorphists. (Egypt,several editions)
• Kitāb al-Ishtiqāq
• Kitāb Is.lāh. Ghalat, corrections of Gharīb al-H.adīth by al-Qāsim ibn Salām.
• Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-Fiqh, jurisprudence, dispraised as unreliable by al-T.abarī and Ibn Surayj, as was Ibn Qutayba’s al-Amwāl.
• Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-Kabīr and Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-S.aghīr
• Kitāb al-Jarāthīm, linguistics.
• Kitāb al-Jawābāt al-H.ād.ira.
• Kitāb al-Ma‘ānī al-Kabīr
• Kitāb al-Masā’il wal-Ajwiba.
• Kitāb al-Maysar wal-Qidāh, ('Dice and Lots').
• Kitāb al-Na‘m wal-Bahā’im, cattle and livestock.
• Kitāb al-Nabāt, botany.
• Kitāb al-Qirā’āt, ('The Canonical Readings').
• Kitāb al-Radd ‘alā al-Qā’il bi Khalq al-Qur’ān, ('Against the creationist claims about the Qur’an').
• Kitāb al-Radd ‘alā al-Shu‘aybiyya, ('Refutation of a sub-sect of the ‘Ajārida ‘At.awiyya, itself a sub-sect of the Khawārij).
• Kitāb al-Rah.l wal-Manzil.
• Kitāb Ta‘bīr al-Ru’yā, ('Interpretation of Dreams').
• Kitāb Talqīn al-Muta‘allim min al-Nah.w on grammar.
• Kitāb ‘Uyūn al-Shi‘r, on poetry.

• List of Islamic scholars
• List of Iranian scientists and scholars
• Al-Zahiriyah Library

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn)|first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitāb Adab al-Kātib (Ibn Kutaiba's Adab al-Kātib)|editor=Max Grünert|editor-link=Max Grünert|place= Leiden |publisher= Brill |year=1900|url= https://archive.org/details/ibnkutaibasadaba00ibnquoft}}
• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn) |first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitāb al-Anwā'|place= Hyderabad |publisher= Dā’irat al-Ma‘ārif al-‘Uthmānīyah|year=1956|url= https://archive.org/details/20190926_20190926_0610}}
• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn) |first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitāb al-Ma'ānī al-Kabīr fī Abyāt al-Ma'ānī |place= Hyderabad |publisher= Dā’irat al-Ma‘ārif al-‘Uthmānīyah|year=1949|volume=2|language= ar}}
• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn) |first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitāb al-Ma'ārif (Ibn Coteiba's Handbuch de Geschichte)|editor-last=Wüstenfeld |editor-first= Ferdinand|place=Göttingen|publisher= Vandenhoek und Ruprecht |year=1850|language=ar |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_th3gAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn) |first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitāb al-Ma'ārif|editor-last=‘Ukāshah|editor-first= Tharwat |place= Cairo|publisher= Dār al-Kutub|year=1960|language= ar}}
• {{cite book|last=Ibn Qotaiba (Ibn Qutaybah) |first= ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muslim| title= Kitāb al-Shi'r wa-al-Shu'arā' (Liber Poësie et Poëtarum) |editor-last= Goeje|editor-first= M. J. de|place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |year=1904|language=la |url= https://archive.org/details/liberposisetpot01qutagoog }}
• {{cite book|last= Qutaybah (Ibn) |first= Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh| title= Kitab 'Uyūn al-Akhbār |place= Cairo|publisher= Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyah |orig-year=1925|year=1930|volume=4|language=ar }}

• {{Cite journal| volume = 5| pages = 232| last = Sánchez| first = Ignacio| title = Ibn Qutayba and the Ahl Khurāsān: The Shuʿūbiyya Revisited| journal = Abbasid Studies IV| date = 2013|url=http://digital.casalini.it/9780906094891}}

{{wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:ابن قتيبة|Ibn Qutaybah}}

• A. Guellati, La notion d'adab chez Ibn Qutayba : étude générique et éclairage comparatiste (= Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Religieuses 169), Turnhout: Brepols, 2015, {{ISBN|978-2-503-56648-1}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | last = Kunitzsch | first = Paul | title=Ibn Qutayba, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh Ibn Muslim Al-Dīnawarī Al-Jabalī | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830903558.html | encyclopedia = Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography | publisher = Encyclopedia.com | orig-year=1970-80 | year = 2008 }}
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002090705/http://almuttaqoon.com/index.php?showtopic=888 Imam Ibn Qutayba]}}

{{Arabic literature}}

{{Historians of Islam}}

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Category:820s births

Category:889 deaths

Category:9th-century Iranian historians

Category:9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam

Category:Atharis

Category:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate

Category:Arabic-language writers

Category:Persian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam

Category:People from Kufa