illumos

The maintainers write illumos in lowercase,{{cite web |title=FAQ |url=https://illumos.org/docs/about/faq/ |website=illumos |access-date=2 May 2020}} since some computer fonts do not clearly distinguish a lowercase L from an uppercase i: Il (see homoglyph).{{cite web|url=https://github.com/joyent/smartos-live/pull/217/files#r38812501|url-status=live|last=Mustacchi|first=Robert|date=2015-09-05|access-date=2021-05-23|title=Linux to SmartOS cheatsheet, after smartos-discuss vetting, sans deritus [sic]. by cwvhogue - Pull Request #217|archive-date=2021-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523232214if_/https://github.com/joyent/smartos-live/pull/217/files#r38812501|website=GitHub}} The project name is a combination of words illuminare from the Latin for to light, and OS for Operating System.{{cite web| title= Announcement|url=https://illumos.org/docs/about/announcement| date=2018-06-15 |publisher=illumos.org}}

File:OpenIndiana Hipster 2021.10 MATE desktop environment screenshot.png operating system is one of many Illumos distributions.]]

Illumos was announced via webinar on 3 August 2010,{{cite web |first=Garrett |last=D'Amore |title=illumos - Hope and Light Springs Anew - Presented by Garrett D'Amore |date=3 August 2010 |url=http://www.illumos.org/attachments/download/3/illumos.pdf |publisher=illumos.org |access-date = 3 August 2010}} as a community effort of a group of core Solaris engineers to create a truly open source Solaris, by swapping closed source bits of OpenSolaris with open implementations.{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/76669.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926053916/http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/76669.html|title=Whither OpenSolaris? illumos Takes Up the Mantle|date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=26 September 2015}}Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/Ff3fCC6F2FU Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160326212321/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ff3fCC6F2FU Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ff3fCC6F2FU| title = OpenIndiana, Illumos, and the OpenSolaris Community (Part 1) | date = 5 May 2011 | via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web |first=Garrett |last=D'Amore |date=27 October 2010 |title=New illumos logo |url=http://gdamore.blogspot.com/2010/10/new-illumos-logo.html |access-date=14 November 2013}} OpenSolaris itself is based on System V Release 4 (SVR4) and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

The original plan explicitly stated that Illumos would not be a distribution or a fork. However, after Oracle announced the discontinuation of OpenSolaris, plans were made to fork the final version of the Solaris ON kernel,{{efn|The "OS/Network" consolidation (project), considered the heart of the Solaris kernel}} allowing Illumos to evolve into a kernel of its own.{{cite web |url=http://gdamore.blogspot.com/2010/08/hand-may-be-forced.html |title=The Hand May Be Forced |first=Garrett |last=D'Amore |date=13 August 2010 |access-date=14 November 2013}} {{As of|2010}}, efforts focused on libc, the NFS lock manager, the crypto module, and many device drivers, to create a Solaris-like OS with no closed, proprietary code. {{As of|2012}}, development emphasis includes transitioning from the historical compiler, Studio, to GCC.https://www.openindiana.org/documentation/faq/#how-does-openindiana-differ-from-opensolaris {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513141744/https://www.openindiana.org/documentation/faq/#how-does-openindiana-differ-from-opensolaris |date=13 May 2021 }} "Oracle’s Sun Studio has been replaced with the open source GNU GCC compiler." The "userland" software is now built with GNU make,{{cite web|url=https://github.com/OpenIndiana/oi-userland|title=OpenIndiana/oi-userland|website=GitHub|date=28 October 2021}} and contains many GNU utilities such as GNU tar. At the time,{{clarify|date=December 2024|reason=at what time?}} Illumos had been lightly led by founder Garrett D'Amore and other community members/developers such as Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, via a Developers' Council.{{cite web |first=Deirdré |last=Straughan |date=16 May 2012 |title=illumos Developers' Council Meeting |url=http://wiki.illumos.org/display/illumos/illumos+Developers%27+Council+Meeting%2C+May+16%2C+2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710123826/http://wiki.illumos.org/display/illumos/illumos+Developers%27+Council+Meeting%2C+May+16%2C+2012 |archive-date=10 July 2016 |access-date=13 August 2012 |publisher=illumos.org}}

As of 2019 its primary development project, illumos-gate, derives from OS/Net (aka ON),{{Cite web

| url = https://bitbucket.org/gwr/os-net-skeleton/src/default/

| title = os-net-skeleton

| website = bitbucket.org

| access-date = 2019-07-29

| archive-date = 29 July 2019

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729164517/https://bitbucket.org/gwr/os-net-skeleton/src/default/

| url-status = dead

}} which is a Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities, similar to what is delivered by a BSD "src" tree. It was originally dependent on OpenSolaris OS/Net, but a fork was made after Oracle silently decided to close the development of Solaris and unofficially killed the OpenSolaris project.

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/09/04/oracle_layoffs_solaris_sparc_teams/

| title = Oracle staff report big layoffs across Solaris, SPARC teams

| website = www.theregister.co.uk

| access-date = 2019-07-29

}}

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/09/04/oracle_layoffs_solaris_sparc_teams/

| title = OpenSolaris axed by Ellison

| website = www.theregister.co.uk

| access-date = 2019-07-29

}}

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/08/03/illumos_opensolaris_spork/

| title = illumos sporks OpenSolaris

| website = www.theregister.co.uk

| access-date = 2019-07-29

}}

• ZFS, a combined file system with integrated logical volume management, providing a high level of data integrity for very large storage capacities.
• Solaris Containers (or Zones), a low overhead implementation of operating-system-level virtualization technology for x86 and SPARC systems.{{Clarify|date=December 2024|reason=Are "x86 and SPARC" called out here specifically to exclude Arm and Alpha, or can that be deleted?}}
• DTrace, a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework for troubleshooting kernel and application problems on production systems in real time.
• Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), a virtualization infrastructure. KVM supports native virtualization on processors with hardware virtualization extensions.
• OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control (or Crossbow), a set of features that provides an internal network virtualization and quality of service including: virtual NIC (VNIC) pseudo-network interface technology, exclusive ip zones, bandwidth management, and flow control on a per interface and per VNIC basis.

{{See also|OpenSolaris#Derivatives|Solaris (operating system)#Open source derivatives|Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions}}

Distributions, at illumos.org{{Cite web|url=https://illumos.org/docs/about/distro/|title=Distributions - illumos|website=illumos.org}}

• NexentaStor, distribution optimized for virtualization, storage area networks, network-attached storage, and iSCSI or Fibre Channel applications employing the ZFS file system.
• OmniOS Community Edition, takes a minimalist approach suitable for server use.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.omniosce.org

| title = OmniOS CE

| website = omniosce.org

| access-date = 2017-09-10

}}

• OpenIndiana, a distribution that is a continuation and fork in the spirit of the OpenSolaris operating system.
• SmartOS, a distribution for cloud computing with Kernel-based Virtual Machine integration.
• Helios, a distribution powering the Oxide Computer Rack. {{Cite web

| url = https://github.com/oxidecomputer/helios

| title = Helios

| website = github.com/oxidecomputer/helios

| access-date = 2025-04-14

}}

• Tribblix, retro style distribution with modern components, available for x86-64 and SPARC.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.tribblix.org/

| title = Tribblix

| website = www.tribblix.org

| access-date = 2016-02-26

}}

• v9os, a server-only, IPS-based minimal SPARC distribution.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.milax.fi/v9os.html

| title = v9os

| website = milax.fi

| access-date = 2017-12-13

}}

• XStreamOS, a distribution for infrastructure, cloud, and web development.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.sonicle.com/xstreamos/

| title = XStreamOS

| website = Sonicle

| access-date = 2021-03-04

}}

Discontinued:

• Dyson, derived from Debian using libc, and SMF init system.
• OpenSXCE, distribution for developers and system administrators for IA-32/x86-64 x86 platforms and SPARC.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.opensxce.org

| title = OpenSXCE

| website = www.opensxce.org

| access-date = 26 February 2016

}}

• DilOS, with Debian package manager (dpkg + apt) and virtualization support, available for x86-64 and SPARC.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.dilos.org/

| title = DilOS

| website = www.dilos.org

| access-date = 2016-02-26

| archive-date = 21 February 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160221173315/http://www.dilos.org/

| url-status = dead

}}

The Illumos Foundation was incorporated in the State of California in 2012 as a 501(c)6 trade association, with founding board members Jason Hoffman (formerly at Joyent), Evan Powell (Nexenta), and Garrett D'Amore. As of 2024, its status in California is "dissolved".State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General. [https://rct.doj.ca.gov/Verification/Web/Search.aspx?facility=Y Registry of Charities and Fundraisers]. Accessed December 17, 2024.

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Official website}}
• [https://napp-it.org/index_en.html napp-it], a ZFS web interface for Illumos-based NAS or SAN appliances.

{{Solaris}}

{{Unix-like}}

{{Operating system}}

{{FOSS}}

Category:Free software programmed in C

Category:OpenSolaris

Category:Software forks

Category:Solaris software

Category:X86-64 operating systems

de:OpenSolaris#illumos