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import quota

{{Short description|Trade barrier}}

{{Expand German|date=September 2016}}

An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time.{{cite book

| last1 = O'Sullivan

| first1 = Arthur

| author-link1 = Arthur O'Sullivan (economist)

| first2 = Steven M. |last2 = Sheffrin

| title = Economics: Principles in Action

| url = https://archive.org/details/economicsprincip00osul

| url-access = limited

| publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall

| year = 2003

| pages = [https://archive.org/details/economicsprincip00osul/page/n465 449]

| isbn = 0-13-063085-3}} An import embargo or import ban is essentially a zero-level import quota.{{cite report|publisher=Texas Agricultural Market Research Center|location=College Station, Texas|last1=Grant|first1=Warren R.|last2=Williams|first2=Gary W. |title=Trade Distorting Policies in the World Rice Market: Some Factors for Consideration in Trade Negotiations|date=November 1, 1990|page=3}}{{cite web|author=AFP/ras |url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article2897611/Chlor-Huehnchen-kommen-nicht-auf-den-Tisch.html |title=Chlor-Hühnchen kommen nicht auf den Tisch |publisher=Die Welt |date=2008-12-18|language=German}} Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are typically used to benefit the producers of a good in that economy (protectionism).

Enforcement

Import quotas are usually implemented by awarding licenses to companies or individuals according to a specific catalogue of criteria, either free of charge, for a fee, or in the form of an auction.{{cite book|first=Eckart|last=Koch|title=Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen|publisher=Franz Vahlen Verlag|location=Munich|year=1992|isbn=3-8006-1593-2|page=157|language=German}} Importers without licences are not allowed to import at all, or in certain cases, can import only for a very high tariff premium.See {{cite book|first=C. Fred|last=Bergsten|title=Auction Quotas and United States Trade Policy |isbn=9780881320503|page=97|publisher=Institute for International Economics|year=1987}} In the case of a quantity quota, imports are restricted directly for importers based on the imports of the previous year, for example by setting weights, quantities and dimensions, etc.

Quota share

The quota share is a specified number or percentage of the allotment as a whole quota, that is prescribed to each individual entity.

For example, the United States imposes an import quota on cars from Japan. The Japanese government may see fit to impose a quota share program to determine the number of cars each Japanese car manufacturer may export to the United States. Any extra number that a manufacturer wishes to export must be negotiated with another manufacturer that did not or cannot maximize its share of the quota.

There are also quota share insurance programs, where the liability and the premiums are divided proportionally among the insurers. For example, three companies take out a $1,000,000 fire insurance policy on a quota share basis with company A assuming 50% ($500,000), company B 30% ($300,000), and company C 20% ($200,000). If the annual premium was $5,000, company A would receive $2,500 in premium, B would receive $1,500, and C would receive $1,000. Company A would pay 50% of any one claim, Company B would pay 30% of any one claim, and Company C would pay 20% of any one claim.

See also

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References

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Category:Quotas

Category:Non-tariff barriers to trade

Category:Import

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