incidence poset

File:Incidence poset.svg

In mathematics, an incidence poset or incidence order is a type of partially ordered set that represents the incidence relation between vertices and edges of an undirected graph. The incidence poset of a graph G has an element for each vertex or edge in G; in this poset, there is an order relation x ≤ y if and only if either x = y or x is a vertex, y is an edge, and x is an endpoint of y.

Example

As an example, a zigzag poset or fence with an odd number of elements, with alternating order relations a < b > c < d... is an incidence poset of a path graph.

Properties

Every incidence poset of a non-empty graph has height two. Its width equals the number of edges plus the number of acyclic connected components.

Incidence posets have been particularly studied with respect to their order dimension, and its relation to the properties of the underlying graph. The incidence poset of a connected graph G has order dimension at most two if and only if G is a path graph, and has order dimension at most three if and only if G is at most planar (Schnyder's theorem).{{citation

| last = Schnyder | first = W.

| doi = 10.1007/BF00353652

| issue = 4

| journal = Order

| pages = 323–343

| title = Planar graphs and poset dimension

| volume = 5

| year = 1989| s2cid = 122785359

}}. However, graphs whose incidence posets have order dimension 4 may be dense{{citation

| last1 = Agnarsson | first1 = Geir

| last2 = Felsner | first2 = Stefan

| last3 = Trotter | first3 = William T.

| doi = 10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00309-4

| issue = 1–3

| journal = Discrete Mathematics

| mr = 1687854

| pages = 5–19

| title = The maximum number of edges in a graph of bounded dimension, with applications to ring theory

| volume = 201

| year = 1999| doi-access = free

}}. and may have unbounded chromatic number.{{citation

| last1 = Trotter | first1 = William T.

| last2 = Wang | first2 = Ruidong

| doi = 10.1007/s11083-013-9301-9

| issue = 2

| journal = Order

| pages = 279–287

| title = Incidence posets and cover graphs

| volume = 31

| year = 2014| arxiv = 1308.2471| s2cid = 17560524

}}. Every complete graph on n vertices, and by extension every graph on n vertices, has an incidence poset with order dimension O(log log n).{{citation

| last1 = Hoşten | first1 = Serkan

| last2 = Morris | first2 = Walter D. Jr.

| doi = 10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00315-X

| issue = 1–3

| journal = Discrete Mathematics

| mr = 1687882

| pages = 133–139

| title = The order dimension of the complete graph

| volume = 201

| year = 1999| doi-access =

}}. If an incidence poset has high dimension then it must contain copies of the incidence posets of all small trees either as sub-orders or as the duals of sub-orders.{{citation

| last1 = Brightwell | first1 = Graham R.

| last2 = Trotter | first2 = William T.

| doi = 10.1007/BF01108600

| issue = 2

| journal = Order

| mr = 1302404

| pages = 159–167

| title = Incidence posets of trees in posets of large dimension

| volume = 11

| year = 1994| s2cid = 120777046

}}.

See also

References