indicaxanthin
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 400117271
| ImageFile=Indicaxanthin.svg
| ImageSize=150px
| IUPACName=4-[2-(2-Carboxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-vinyl]-2,3-dihydro-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
| OtherNames=
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4807442
| InChI = 1/C14H16N2O6/c17-12(18)9-6-8(7-10(15-9)13(19)20)3-5-16-4-1-2-11(16)14(21)22/h3,5-6,10-11H,1-2,4,7H2,(H3,17,18,19,20,21,22)/t10-,11-/m0/s1
| InChIKey = RJIIQBYZGJSODH-QWRGUYRKBB
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C14H16N2O6/c17-12(18)9-6-8(7-10(15-9)13(19)20)3-5-16-4-1-2-11(16)14(21)22/h3,5-6,10-11H,1-2,4,7H2,(H3,17,18,19,20,21,22)/t10-,11-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RJIIQBYZGJSODH-QWRGUYRKSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 1632474-50-0
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 2181-75-1
| CASNo1_Comment = (non-specific)
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = J2R4J4M5NH
| PubChem=6096870
| SMILES = O=C(O)\C2=C\C(=C\C=[N+]1/[C@H](C([O-])=O)CCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N2
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula=C14H16N2O6
| MolarMass=308.29 g/mol
| Appearance=
| Density=
| MeltingPt=
| BoilingPt=
| Solubility=
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards=
| FlashPt=
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
}}
Indicaxanthin is a type of betaxanthin, a plant pigment present in beets, in Mirabilis jalapa flowers,{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86258-5 |title=Pigments of centrospermae—V. : Betaxanthins from Mirabilis jalapa L. |year=1965 |last1=Piattelli |first1=M. |last2=Minale |first2=L. |last3=Nicolaus |first3=R.A. |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=817–23}} in cacti such as prickly pears (Opuntia sp.) or the red dragonfruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). It is a powerful antioxidant.
Medical uses
It has been shown in a spectrophotometric study for patients with thalassemia, that indicaxanthin can reduce perferryl-Hb generated in solution from met-Hb and hydrogen peroxide, more effectively than either trolox (a vitamin E derivative) or vitamin C, possibly interfering with perferryl-Hb, a reactive intermediate in the hydroperoxide-dependent Hb degradation.{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/10715760600554228 |title=Cytoprotective effects of the antioxidant phytochemical indicaxanthin in β-thalassemia red blood cells |year=2006 |last1=Tesoriere |first1=L. |last2=Allegra |first2=M. |last3=Butera |first3=D. |last4=Gentile |first4=C. |last5=Livrea |first5=M. A. |journal=Free Radical Research |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=753–61 |pmid=16984002}}
Indicaxanthin in antioxidant studies was more effective than Trolox at scavenging the ABTS cation radical.{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/jf025696p |title=Antioxidant Activities of Sicilian Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus indica) Fruit Extracts and Reducing Properties of Its Betalains: Betanin and Indicaxanthin |year=2002 |last1=Butera |first1=Daniela |last2=Tesoriere |first2=Luisa |last3=Di Gaudio |first3=Francesca |last4=Bongiorno |first4=Antonino |last5=Allegra |first5=Mario |last6=Pintaudi |first6=Anna Maria |last7=Kohen |first7=Rohn |last8=Livrea |first8=Maria A. |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |volume=50 |issue=23 |pages=6895–901 |pmid=12405794|hdl=10447/107910 |hdl-access=free }}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Plant Pigments}}