indigenous-based organized crime
{{Short description|Gangs with significant indigenous Canadian membership}}
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{{Portal|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Canada}}
Indigenous-based organized crime (IBOC), formerly known as Aboriginal-based organized crime (ABOC), is a term used to refer to Canadian criminal organizations which have a significant percentage of indigenous members. These organizations are primarily found in the prairie provinces, which tend to have areas with high concentrations of people of indigenous descent.{{cite web|title=Aboriginal Gangs in Prairie Provinces in 'Crisis Proportions' |work=Culture |publisher=First Nations Drum |url=http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/Fall2003/CrimeGangs.htm |access-date=2009-12-21 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201185823/http://firstnationsdrum.com/Fall2003/CrimeGangs.htm |archive-date=February 1, 2009 }} IBOC is an important national monitored issue, as defined by Criminal Intelligence Service Canada.{{cite web| title = Aboriginal Based Organized Crime| work = Criminal Intelligence Services Canada| publisher = Government of Canada| url = http://www.cisc.gc.ca/annual_reports/annual_report_2004/aboriginal_2004_e.html| access-date = 2009-12-21| archive-date = 2009-03-07| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090307061351/http://www.cisc.gc.ca/annual_reports/annual_report_2004/aboriginal_2004_e.html| url-status = dead}}
Criminal activities
There is confusion about how to properly intervene in preventing the growth of these gangs. One approach in Winnipeg recommended an all-indigenous school board in the face of increased gang involvement by indigenous youth.{{cite web | title = All-Aboriginal Board May Boost Grad Rates, Curb Gangs| work = News| date = 2 December 2009| publisher = CTV News| url =http://www.ctvnews.ca/all-aboriginal-board-may-boost-grad-rates-curb-gangs-1.460484| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091204001812/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20091202/aboriginal_schools_091202/20091202?hub=Canada| url-status =live| archive-date =December 4, 2009}} These schools are viewed as a means of increasing respect for traditional indigenous values while allowing youth to avoid involvement in gangs. There is caution toward such strategies due to the fear that these schools, purely as an anti-crime initiative, will lead to ghettoization.{{cite web|last=Welch|first=Mary Agnes|title=Native-only schools eyed to fight crime|url=http://www.numberswatchdog.com/news%2009/Native-only%20schools%20eyed%20to%20fight%20crime.htm|publisher=Numbers Watchdog|access-date=25 September 2013|archive-date=28 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023437/http://www.numberswatchdog.com/news%2009/Native-only%20schools%20eyed%20to%20fight%20crime.htm|url-status=dead}} The thought of creating an indigenous school system struck some as reeking of segregation. Similar initiatives have been discussed in Saskatchewan, leading to a recommendation by the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations in late 2009.{{cite web | title = FSIN Calls For Aboriginal School System| work = News| publisher = Saskatoon Star-Phoenix| url =https://thestarphoenix.com/news/FSIN+calls+aboriginal+school+system/2304617/story.html}}
Indigenous street gangs
Indigenous gangs, as the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada classifies them, have surpassed outlaw motorcycle gangs and Italian organized crime syndicates as the largest single group held in federal prisons, with 1,936 members serving federal sentences.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/armed-posses-spreading-violence-across-prairie-communities/article1055029/?page=all|title=Armed posses spreading violence across Prairie communities|access-date=2018-07-11}} Examples include:
- Alberta Warriors[https://albertaviews.ca/thug-life/ Thug Life] Darcy Henton, Alberta Views (1 June 2011)
- Indian Mafia[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/leaving-the-gang-life-after-15-years-1.5324192 When 'loyalty or death' crumbles: Leaving gangs after 15 years in the life] Alec Salloum, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (18 October 2019)
- Indian Posse{{cite web|url=http://www.insideprison.com/prison_gang_profile_IP.asp |title=Indian Posse: Prison Gang Profile |publisher=Insideprison.com |access-date=2010-09-13| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100901104424/http://www.insideprison.com/prison_gang_profile_IP.asp| archive-date= 1 September 2010 | url-status= live}}
- Kelowna Warriors{{Cite news|url=https://infotel.ca/newsitem/new-kelowna-criminal-gang-is-small-but-dangerous/it32812|title=New Kelowna criminal gang is small but dangerous|access-date=2018-07-11}}
- Manitoba Warriors[https://winnipegsun.com/2013/03/09/rise-of-the-manitoba-warriors Rise of the Manitoba Warriors] James Turner, Winnipeg Sun (10 March 2013)
- Most Organized Brothers{{Cite news|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2012/11/14/mob-street-gang-has-grown-into-major-threat-police-report/wcm/41a92e05-7d0e-47ad-b56c-25d33fa9e05d|title=MOB street gang has grown into major threat: police report|date=2012-11-15|work=Winnipeg Sun|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en-US}}
- Native Syndicate[https://www.sasktoday.ca/north/local-news/native-syndicate-gang-members-lose-bid-for-new-murder-trial-4172345 Native Syndicate gang members lose bid for new murder trial] Lisa Joy, SaskToday.ca (21 June 2021)
- Native Syndicate Killers
- Redd Alert{{Cite news|url=http://www.kamloopsnews.ca/news/city-region/about-the-redd-alert-gang-1.1236252|title=About the Redd Alert gang|last=JH|work=Kamloops Daily News|access-date=2018-07-11}}
- Saskatchewan Warriors{{Cite news|url=https://thestarphoenix.com/news/crime/gang-members-sentenced-for-violent-kidnapping|title=Gang members sentenced for 'violent and vicious' kidnapping|date=2017-02-07|work=Saskatoon StarPhoenix|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en-US}}
- Terror Squad[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/terror-squad-saskatoon-gang-murder-trial-1.4828641 Terror Squad 101: Profiler offers rare peek into inner workings of Saskatoon drug gang at murder trial] Guy Quenneville, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (18 September 2018)
- Terror Squad Killers{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/darren-harper-sentence-cocaine-trafficking-1.4474818|title=Terror Squad gang founder sentenced for cocaine trafficking {{!}} CBC News|work=CBC|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en-US}}