infrahyoid muscles
{{Short description|Group of muscles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox muscle
| Name = Infrahyoid muscles
| Latin = musculi infrahyoidei
| Image = Infrahyoid muscles.png
| Caption = Muscles of the neck seen from the front. The infrahyoid muscles are coloured in violet.
| Image2 =
| Caption2 =
| Origin =
| Insertion =
| Blood =
| Nerve = Ansa cervicalis (except thyrohyoid muscle)
| Action = Depress the hyoid bone
| Antagonist =
}}
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck.{{Cite journal|date=2009-01-01|title=Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742476500110|journal=The Spinal Cord|language=en|pages=94–114|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0|last1=McHanwell|first1=Steve|last2=Watson|first2=Charles|isbn=9780123742476}} The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.
Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone.{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/infrahyoid-muscles|title=Infrahyoid muscles|last=KenHub|access-date=24 May 2019}}
The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles,{{Citation needed|date=November 2020|reason=There is no evidence that any reputable sources believe it to be an infrahyoid muscle.}} but is not an infrahyoid muscle.
Individual muscles
The origin, insertion and innervation of the individual muscles:{{cite book |author1=Ellis, Harold |author2=Susan Standring |author3=Gray, Henry David |title=Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice |publisher=Elsevier Churchill Livingstone |location=St. Louis, Mo |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyanat0000unse/page/538 538–539] |isbn=0-443-07168-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyanat0000unse/page/538 }}
| class="wikitable"
! Muscle !! Origin !! Insertion !! Innervation | |||
| Sternohyoid | Posterior surface of manubrium sterni, adjoining parts of clavicle and the posterior sternoclavicular ligament | Medial part of lower border of hyoid bone | Ansa cervicalis |
| Sternothyroid | Posterior surface of manubrium sterni and adjoining part of first costal cartilage | Oblique line of thyroid cartilage | Ansa cervicalis |
| Thyrohyoid | Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage | Lower border of the body and the greater cornu of the hyoid bone | Cervical spinal nerve 1 via the hypoglossal nerve |
| Omohyoid (superior belly) | Intermediate tendon | Hyoid bone | Superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1) |
| Omohyoid (inferior belly) | Superior border of scapula | Intermediate tendon | Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) |
=Nerve supply=
All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus (C1-C3){{Citation|last=Cesmebasi|first=Alper|title=Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000329|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=441–449|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0|editor2-last=Rizk|editor2-first=Elias|editor3-last=Shoja|editor3-first=Mohammadali M.|editor4-last=Loukas|editor4-first=Marios}}{{Citation|last=Kayalioglu|first=Gulgun|title=Chapter 4 - The Spinal Nerves|date=2009-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742476500080|work=The Spinal Cord|pages=37–56|editor-last=Watson|editor-first=Charles|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-374247-6.50008-0|isbn=978-0-12-374247-6|editor2-last=Paxinos|editor2-first=George|editor3-last=Kayalioglu|editor3-first=Gulgun}} except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve.
Function
The infrahyoid muscles function to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speech.{{Citation|last1=Merea|first1=Valeria Silva|title=Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978032356930900005X|work=Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology|pages=29–34|editor-last=Chhetri|editor-first=Dinesh K.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x|isbn=978-0-323-56930-9|last2=Pitman|first2=Michael J.|s2cid=80855923 |editor2-last=Dewan|editor2-first=Karuna}} This moves the larynx as one unit.{{Citation|last1=Feinstein|first1=Aaron J.|title=Chapter 4 - Larynx|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323569309000048|work=Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology|pages=23–28|editor-last=Chhetri|editor-first=Dinesh K.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00004-8|isbn=978-0-323-56930-9|last2=Dewan|first2=Karuna|editor2-last=Dewan|editor2-first=Karuna}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Muscles of neck}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Infrahyoid Muscles}}