intelligence law
{{Intelligence}}Intelligence Law is the field of law that pertains specifically to the fields of intelligence and espionage; the legality of domestic and foreign intelligence gathering by states, and the illegality of those same activities within the borders of any state.{{Cite web |title=S. Intelligence & International Law {{!}} Columbia Law School |url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/academics/courses/33621 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.law.columbia.edu}}{{Cite web |last=Daum |first=Jeremy |date=2024-02-22 |title=What China's National Intelligence Law Says, And Why it Doesn't Matter |url=https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/what-the-national-intelligence-law-says-and-why-it-doesnt-matter/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=China Law Translate |language=en}}
Description
Intelligence law covers whatever laws that legitimize the existence of intelligence agencies, whether those are public sector, military, or commercial in nature.{{Cite web |title=An Intelligence Law Primer for the Second Machine Age |url=https://tjaglcs.army.mil/tal-2019-issue-3/Post/6180/An-Intelligence-Law-Primer-for-the-Second-Machine-Age |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=TJAGLCS |language=en-US}} Intelligence law also covers the criminal proceedings regarding the capture and prosecution of foreign agents captured on a state's sovereign territory.{{Cite web |title=NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE |url=https://malawilaws.com/revised-law/alphabetical-list-of-principal-legislation/301-national-intelligence-service.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=malawilaws.com}}{{Cite web |title=No. 1: Distinguishing Between Operational and Intelligence Activities |url=https://tjaglcs.army.mil/Periodicals/The-Army-Lawyer/tal-2022-issue-4/Post/4255/No-1-Distinguishing-Between-Operational-and-Intelligence-Activities#:~:text=Intelligence%20law%20is%20a%20specialized%20practice%20area,on%20intelligence%20law%20issues%20has%20become%20crucial. |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=TJAGLCS |language=en-US}}
Intelligence law is closely related to the fields of National Security Law, criminal law, and military law, and will often blend and crossover into those areas of law, especially considering the fact that some governments only possess military intelligence mechanisms, and no civilian government agency variants.{{Cite web |title=The Law No. 51/July 29, 1991 on the national security of Romania |url=https://www.sri.ro/assets/files/legislatie/2024-eng/the_Law_No_51.pdf |website=Romanian Government}}{{Cite web |last=Boring |first=Nicolas |date=June 2016 |title=Foreign Intelligence Gathering Laws: Romania |url=https://maint.loc.gov/law/help/intelligence-activities/romania.php |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=maint.loc.gov}} It should also be noted that experts in intelligence law must also be practitioners of immigration law and, considering the fact that deportation proceedings are often an immediate reaction to most captures of foreign intelligence officers on a state's sovereign territory.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-23 |title=Parliament approves amendments to Egypt’s General Intelligence Law |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/113157/Parliament-approves-amendments-to-Egypt%E2%80%99s-General-Intelligence-Law |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=EgyptToday}}
However, some forms of intelligence law can also create legal frameworks within states for operations that violate international law, such as; human rights violations, repression of citizens, secret assassinations and murder, state terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, arms dealing, extraordinary rendition, torture, kidnapping, false imprisonment and more.{{Cite web |title=Egypt - Intelligence |url=https://irp.fas.org/world/egypt/index.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=irp.fas.org}}{{Cite web |last=Staffieri |first=Sebastian Ariel |date=2025-03-01 |title=What’s going on in Argentine Intelligence? |url=https://thenewglobalorder.com/world-news/whats-going-on-in-argentine-intelligence/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=The New Global Order |language=en-US}}
See also
- Accountability
- Intelligence literature
- Intelligence studies
- National Security Act of 1947
- Security sector governance and reform
- {{Cl|Whistleblower protection legislation}}