intermediate horseshoe bat
{{Short description|Species of bat}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rhinolophus affinis.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Rhinolophus
| species = affinis
| authority = Horsfield, 1823
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = Nine; see text
| range_map = Rhinolophus affinis area.png
| range_map_caption = Intermediate Horseshoe bat range
}}
The intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) is a bat species of the family Rhinolophidae (“nose crest”) that is very widespread throughout much of the Indian subcontinent, southern and central China and Southeast Asia. It is listed by IUCN as Least Concern as it is considered common where it occurs, without any known major threats.
Taxonomy
The intermediate horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 1823 by American naturalist Thomas Horsfield. The holotype was collected on the Indonesian island of Java.{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/s40555-015-0109-8|title=Taxonomic implications of geographical variation in Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in mainland Southeast Asia|year=2015|last1=Ith|first1=Saveng|last2=Bumrungsri|first2=Sara|last3=Furey|first3=Neil M.|last4=Bates|first4=Paul JJ|last5=Wonglapsuwan|first5=Monwadee|last6=Khan|first6=Faisal Ali Anwarali|last7=Thong|first7=Vu Dinh|last8=Soisook|first8=Pipat|last9=Satasook|first9=Chutamas|last10=Thomas|first10=Nikky M.|journal=Zoological Studies|volume=54|pages=e31|pmid=31966118|pmc=6661434 |doi-access=free }}
Rhinolophus affinis is divided into the following nine subspecies:
{{div col}}
- R. a. affinis
- R. a. andamanensis
- R. a. hainanus
- R. a. himalayanus
- R. a. macrurus
- R. a. nesites
- R. a. princes
- R. a. superans
- R. a. tener
{{div col end}}
It varies in appearance and echolocation characteristics throughout its range, suggesting that this taxon may represent a species complex of closely related species.
Description
The intermediate horseshoe bat has a total length of {{cvt|58-63|mm|in}}, with a forearm length of {{cvt|46-56|mm|in}}.{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgQsHR-WnTUC| title=Mammals of China|editor1-first=Andrew T.| editor1-last= Smith| editor2-first= Yan| editor2-last= Xie| year=2013| publisher=Princeton University Press| isbn=9781400846887| pages=225}} Individuals weigh approximately {{cvt|12-15|g|oz}}.{{cite journal|doi=10.3161/001.006.0103|title=A Review of Rhinolophus(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Myanmar, Including Three Species New to the Country|year=2004|last1=Bates|first1=Paul J. J.|last2=Thi|first2=Mar Mar|last3=Nwe|first3=Tin|last4=Bu|first4=Si Si Hla|last5=Mie|first5=Khin Mie|last6=Nyo|first6=Nyo|last7=Khaing|first7=Aye Aye|last8=Aye|first8=Nu Nu|last9=Oo|first9=Thida|last10=MacKie|first10=Iain|journal=Acta Chiropterologica|volume=6|pages=23–48|doi-access=free}}
Distribution
The intermediate horseshoe bat is widely distributed throughout Asia, occurring from India and China throughout Southeast Asia.{{cite journal|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00381.x|title=Genetic and morphometric diversity in Wallacea: Geographical patterning in the horse shoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis|year=2000|last1=Maharadatunkamsi|last2=Hisheh|first2=S.|last3=Kitchener|first3=D. J.|last4=Schmitt|first4=L. H.|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=27|issue=1 |pages=193–201|bibcode=2000JBiog..27..193M |s2cid=84282300 }} It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.{{cite journal|last1=Kingsada| first1= P.| last2= Douangboubpha| first2= B.| last3= Ith| first3= S.| last4= Furey| first4= N.| last5= Soisook| first5= P.| last6= Bumrungsri| first6= S.| last7= Satasook| first7= C.| last8= Vu| first8= D.T.| last9= Csorba| first9= G.| last10= Harrison| first10= D.| last11= Pearch| first11=M.| last12=Bates| first12=P| last13=Thomas| first13=N.| display-authors=10| year= 2011| title= A checklist of bats from Cambodia, including the first record of the intermediate horseshoe bat Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), with additional information from Thailand and Vietnam| journal= Cambodian Journal of Natural History| volume= 2011| issue=1| pages=49–59|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274382347}} The easternmost extent of its range are the Indonesian Lesser Sunda Islands and Java. It is found at elevations from {{cvt|290-2000|m|ft}} above sea level.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Rhinolophus affinis|Rhinolophus affinis}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Rhinolophus affinis|Rhinolophus affinis}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220120426/http://bio.acousti.ca/classification/rhinolophus-affinis Sound recordings of Rhinolophus affinis on BioAcoustica]
{{Rhinolophidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1765459}}
Category:Bats of Southeast Asia
Category:Mammals of Bangladesh
Category:Least concern biota of Asia
Category:Mammals described in 1823
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot