jal tarang
{{Short description|Indian melodic percussion instrument}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name = Jaltarang
| image = Jaltarang music concert by Vidushi Shashikala Dani at Banker's Colony Hubballi.jpg
| image_size = 280
| caption = Vidushi Shashikala Dani playing the jalatarang
| alt = Jaltarang concert by Vidushi Shashikala Dani at Banker's Colony Hubballi
| background = percussion
| names = {{hlist|Jaltarang|jal-tarang|jal-yantra, jalatarangam|jalatharangam}}
| classification = Percussion
| inventors =
| related =
| musicians = {{hlist|Seetha Doraiswamy|Shashikala Dani|Anayampatti S. Ganesan}}
| developed = 4th–6th centuries CE
| range =
| hornbostel_sachs = 111.242.11
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Resting bells whose opening faces upward
}}
The jal tarang (Hindi: जलतरंग) is a melodic percussion instrument that originates from the Indian subcontinent. It consists of a set of ceramic or metal bowls filled with water. The bowls are played by striking the edge with beaters, one in each hand.
History
The earliest mention of the jal tarang is found in Vatsyayana's Kamasutra, as playing on musical glasses filled with water."[http://www.readcentral.com/chapters/Vatsyayana/The-Kama-Sutra-of-Vatsyayana/004 The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana]", ReadCentral.com. Jal tarang was also mentioned in the medieval Sangeet Parijaat text, which categorized the instrument under Ghan-Vadya (idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion idiophones.) The SangeetSaar text considers 22 bowls to be a complete jal tarang and 15 to be of mediocre status. The bowls, of varying sizes, are made of either bronze or porcelain. Jal tarang was also called jal-yantra in medieval times, and poets of the Krishna cult (also called Ashtachhap poets) have mentioned the instrument.{{cite book|author=Lalmani Misra|author-link=Lalmani Misra|title=Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya |year=1973 |publisher=Bhāratīya Jñānapīṭha |isbn=81-263-0727-7}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}}
Jal tarang means "waves in water", and it indicates motion of sound created or modified with the aid of water.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} The traditional instrument is used in Indian classical music.
Details
Water is poured into the bowls, and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water. The number of bowls depends on the melody being played. The bowls are mostly arranged in a semicircle in front of the player, who can then reach them all easily. The player softly hits the edges of the bowls with a wooden stick to produce sound.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category-inline|Jal tarang}}
{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Water instruments}}