jonquil parrot
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Aprosmictus jonquillaceus.jpg
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Aprosmictus
| species = jonquillaceus
| authority = (Vieillot, 1818)
| synonyms =
}}
The Jonquil parrot (Aprosmictus jonquillaceus) is a species of bird in the Psittaculidae family with two subspecies, Aprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus and Aprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis.{{Cite web |last=Oiseaux.net |title=Perruche jonquille - Aprosmictus jonquillaceus - Jonquil Parrot |url=https://www.oiseaux.net/birds/jonquil.parrot.html |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.oiseaux.net |language=en}} It is a large, long-tailed green parrot with an orange bill and a wing patch which red in males and yellow in females. It is visible when a bird is perched and in flight. The juvenile looks like a female but lacks a wing patch.{{Cite web |title=Olive-shouldered Parrot - eBird |url=https://ebird.org/species/olspar1 |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=ebird.org |language=en}}
Habitat and distribution
- Single birds or small flocks of 3 to 5 individuals can be found in forest, woodland, and acacia savanna on the Indonesian islands of Roti, Timor, and Wetar.{{Cite journal |last=Trainor |first=Colin R. |date=2005 |title=Species richness, habitat use and conservation of birds of Alor Island, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu03030 |journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology |volume=105 |issue=2 |pages=127–135 |doi=10.1071/mu03030 |issn=0158-4197}}
- Restricted range; Near Threatened
Behavior
= Vocalizations =
= Diet =
Wild diet is likely to be similar to that of the red-winged parrot: seeds, fruit, flowers, and insects. In mangroves, mistletoe is favoured.{{Cite web |title=Olive-shouldered Parrot (Aprosmictus jonquillaceus) {{!}} Parrot Encyclopedia |url=https://www.parrots.org/encyclopedia/olive-shouldered-parrot#:~:text=Wild%20Diet:,in%20mangroves,%20mistletoe%20is%20favoured |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=www.parrots.org}} Red-winged parrots were found to feed on the pods and seeds of various Acacia tree species.{{Cite journal |last=Verdoorn |first=I. C. |date=1951-11-21 |title=South African Species of Acacia with Glandular Glutinous Pods. |journal=Bothalia |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.4102/abc.v6i1.1684 |issn=2311-9284|doi-access=free }} So, it is likely that the Jonquil parrot feeds on them too.
= Reproduction =
Trapping continues and the primary trapping season coincides with the breeding season, so one can guess that many more birds are removed from the population than those trapped; many young might die in the nest if their parents are caught.{{Cite book |last=Forshaw |first=Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PG85DwAAQBAJ&dq=vanishing+and+vanished+parrots&pg=PP1 |title=Vanished and Vanishing Parrots: Profiling Extinct and Endangered Species |date=2017-10-02 |publisher=Csiro Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-10649-9 |language=en}}
Due to their remote habitat and near threatened status due to trapping and the exotic bird trade, not much information is known about the breeding of the Jonquil parrot in the wild.{{Cite journal |last=Low |first=Rosemary |date=1997 |title=The Endangered Parrots of Indonesia |url=https://watchbird-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/watchbird/article/view/1169 |journal=AFA Watchbird |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=55–64}} But, it is assumed that the Jonquil parrots shares similar breeding habits with the Red-winged parrot, which breeds from spring to early in the summer once a year.{{Cite web |last=Team Beauty of Birds |date=2021 |title=Aprosmictus: Red-winged Parrots |url=https://beautyofbirds.com/red-winged-parrots/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Beauty of Birds |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Judy |date=2020 |title=Red-winged Parrot |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/red-winged-parrot-aprosmictus-erythropterus/australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/red-winged-parrot-aprosmictus-erythropterus/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=The Australian Museum |language=en}}
Breeding parrots is a common occurrence. Breeders of the Timor red-winged parrot gives more insight to the breeding process:
Parrots often have to be surgically sexed in order to visualize a bird's ovary (female) or testicle (male).{{Cite web |title=Sex determination in birds-Bird Vet Melbourne |url=https://www.bird-vet.com/Sexdeterminationinbirds.aspx#:~:text=Birds%20Hospital&text=Sex%20determination%20can%20also%20be,or%20testicle%20can%20be%20visualised. |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www.bird-vet.com}} This is done because, in some cases, it can take up to four years for male and female parrots to be visibly distinguishable.{{Cite web |last=lracadmin |title=March 2023's Animal Of The Month – Meyer's Parrots – The Links Road Animal & Bird Clinic |url=https://thelinksroadanimalclinic.com/2023/03/31/march-2023s-animal-of-the-month-meyers-parrots/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |language=en-CA}} The female will lay 4 to 5 eggs per clutch. After 20 to 30 days of incubation, the chicks hatch. The male feeds the female who feeds the chicks. The chicks are weaned by eight weeks old.{{Cite journal |last1=Bolivar |first1=Lee |last2=Bolivar |first2=Sharyn |date=1992 |title=Breeding of the Timor Red-winged Parrot |url=https://watchbird-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/watchbird/article/view/2760 |journal=AFA Watchbird |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=4–8}} They live an average of 11–14 years{{Cite journal |last1=Young |first1=A. M. |last2=Hobson |first2=E. A. |last3=Lackey |first3=L. Bingaman |last4=Wright |first4=T. F. |date=2011-07-21 |title=Survival on the ark: life-history trends in captive parrots |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00477.x |journal=Animal Conservation |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=28–43 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00477.x |issn=1367-9430|pmc=3289156 }}
References
{{Taxonbar|from=Q280538}}
External links
https://ebird.org/species/olspar1 For more photos and a recording of their vocalization.
Category:Near threatened animals
Category:Near threatened biota of Asia