journalology
{{short description|Scholarly study of academic journals}}
Journalology (also known as publication science) is the scholarly study of all aspects of the academic publishing process.{{Cite journal |last1=Galipeau |first1=James |last2=Moher |first2=David |last3=Campbell |first3=Craig |last4=Hendry |first4=Paul |last5=Cameron |first5=D. William |last6=Palepu |first6=Anita |last7=Hébert |first7=Paul C. |date=March 2015 |title=A systematic review highlights a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of health-related training programs in journalology |journal=Journal of Clinical Epidemiology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=257–265 |doi=10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.024|pmid=25510373 |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Mitch |last2=Moher |first2=David |date=March 2019 |title=The Changing Landscape of Journalology in Medicine |journal=Seminars in Nuclear Medicine |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=105–114 |doi=10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.009|pmid=30819390 |hdl=10393/38493 |s2cid=73471103 |hdl-access=free }} The field seeks to improve the quality of scholarly research by implementing evidence-based practices in academic publishing.{{Cite news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/journalologists-use-scientific-methods-study-academic-publishing-their-work-improving |title='Journalologists' use scientific methods to study academic publishing. Is their work improving science? |last=Couzin-Frankel |first=Jennifer |date=18 September 2018 |work=Science |access-date=4 May 2019 |language=en}} The term "journalology" was coined by Stephen Lock, the former editor-in-chief of the BMJ. The first Peer Review Congress, held in 1989 in Chicago, Illinois, is considered a pivotal moment in the founding of journalology as a distinct field. The field of journalology has been influential in pushing for study pre-registration in science, particularly in clinical trials. Clinical trial registration is now expected in most countries. Journalology researchers also work to reform the peer review process.
History
The earliest scientific journals were founded in the seventeenth century. While most early journals used peer review, peer review did not become common practice in medical journals until after World War II.{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=John C. |date=1990-03-09 |title=The Evolution of Editorial Peer Review |journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |language=en |volume=263 |issue=10 |pages=1323–1329 |doi=10.1001/jama.1990.03440100023003 |pmid=2406470 |issn=0098-7484}} The scholarly publishing process (including peer review) did not arise by scientific means and still suffers from problems with reliability (consistency and dependability),American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=reliable ("reliable, adj. 1. Capable of being relied on; dependable ... 2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials."). such as a lack of uniform standards and validity (well-founded, efficacious).{{Cite book|url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/221190|title=Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online)|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|edition=2nd|location=Oxford, UK|url-access=subscription|quote=validity, n. ... 2. The quality of being well-founded on fact, or established on sound principles, and thoroughly applicable to the case or circumstances; soundness and strength (of argument, proof, authority, etc.) ... 4. Value or worth; efficacy. Merging into sense 2, from which in some instances it is hardly distinguishable.}}{{Citation|last=Nederhof|first=A.J.|title=The Validity and Reliability of Evaluation of Scholarly Performance|date=1988|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B978044470537250012X|work=Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology|pages=193–228|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-70537-2.50012-x|isbn=978-0-444-70537-2|access-date=15 September 2020|url-access=subscription}} Attempts to reform the academic publishing practice began to gain traction in the late twentieth century.{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=J |title=Journalology – or what editors do. |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |date=3 October 1990 |volume=301 |issue=6754 |pages=756–759 |doi=10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756 |pmid=2224255 |issn=0959-8138|pmc=1664073 }} The field of journalology was formally established in 1989.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Cite journal|last1=Butcher|first1=Nancy J.|last2=Tricco|first2=Andrea C.|last3=Offringa|first3=Martin|last4=Moher|first4=David|last5=Galica|first5=Jacqueline|date=2020|title=Training researchers in publication science: why, what, and how|journal=Journal of Clinical Epidemiology|language=en|volume=117|pages=165–167|doi=10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.08.007|pmid=31465843 |doi-access=|s2cid=201674769 }}
- {{Cite journal|last=Makel|first=Matthew C.|date=2014|title=The empirical march: Making science better at self-correction.|url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0035803|journal=Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=2–7|doi=10.1037/a0035803|issn=1931-390X|url-access=subscription}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=J. |date=1990-10-03 |title=Journalology – or what editors do |journal=BMJ |volume=301 |issue=6754 |pages=756–759 |doi=10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=1664073 |pmid=2224255}}
External links
- [https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/ Research Integrity and Peer Review] – journal
{{Evidence-based practice}}