killing of Freddie Gray
{{Short description|2015 death in custody of Baltimore Police}}
{{Redirect|Freddie Gray|other people with similar names|Frederick Gray (disambiguation){{!}}Frederick Gray}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| title =
| image = Freddie Gray.jpg
| caption = Undated picture of Gray
| date = {{start date and age|2015|04|12}} (incident)
{{start date and age|2015|04|19}} (Gray's death)
| time =
| duration =
| venue =
| place = Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
| coordinates =
| also known as =
| type = Homicide, police killing
| cause = Spinal cord injury
| first reporter =
| filmed by = Two witnesses to Gray's arrest, store video of police van
| participants = Freddie C. Gray, six Baltimore police officers
| burial = {{start date|2015|4|27}}
| inquiries = U.S. Department of Justice; Baltimore Police Department
| inquest =
| coroner =
| arrests =
| suspects =
| accused = *Caesar R. Goodson Jr.
- William G. Porter
- Brian W. Rice
- Edward M. Nero
- Garrett Miller
- Alicia D. White{{Cite news|url=http://live.baltimoresun.com/Event/Latest_updates_from_the_Freddie_Gray_case_in_Baltimore/161532605|title=Latest updates on Baltimore unrest and Freddie Gray case – The charges|last=Gordon|first=Kalani|date=May 1, 2015|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010134940/http://live.baltimoresun.com/Event/Latest_updates_from_the_Freddie_Gray_case_in_Baltimore/161532605|url-status=dead}}
| convicted =
| charges = Goodson:
Others:
- Involuntary manslaughter
- Second-degree assault
- Manslaughter by vehicle
- Misconduct in office
- Reckless endangerment
- False imprisonment
| verdict = *Goodson, Nero, Rice: Not guilty
- Porter: Mistrial followed by charges being dropped
- Miller, White: Charges dropped
| convictions =
| publication bans =
| litigation = The City of Baltimore settled at $6.4 million prior to the Gray's family filing to sue
}}
On April 12, 2015, Freddie Carlos Gray Jr., a 25-year-old African American, was arrested by the Baltimore Police Department for possession of a knife. While in police custody, Gray sustained fatal injuries and was taken to the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center. Gray's death on April 19, 2015, was ascribed to injuries to his cervical spinal cord.
Pending an investigation of the incident, six Baltimore police officers were suspended. Commissioner Anthony W. Batts reported that officers had not secured Gray inside the van while driving to the police station, contrary to a policy that had been put into effect six days prior to Gray's arrest.{{cite news|first1=Juliet |last1=Linderman |first2=Curt |last2=Anderson |author-link2=Curt Anderson |title=Rough Ride? Lawyer Says Fatally Injured Arrestee Lacked Belt|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/police-seatbelt-policy-freddie-gray-30534588?singlePage=true |access-date=May 6, 2015|work=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |url-status=dead |date=April 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506010954/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/police-seatbelt-policy-freddie-gray-30534588?singlePage=true |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |location=Baltimore}} The medical examiner's office concluded that Gray's death could not be ruled an accident, and was instead a homicide, because officers failed to follow safety procedures. Baltimore City State's Attorney, Marilyn Mosby announced her office had filed charges against six police officers after the medical examiner's report ruled Gray's death a homicide.
Prosecutors found probable cause to file criminal charges against the six police officers who were believed to be involved in his death. The officer driving the van was charged with second-degree depraved-heart murder for his indifference to the considerable risk that Gray might be killed, and others were charged with crimes ranging from manslaughter to illegal arrest. A grand jury indicted the officers on most of the original charges filed by Mosby with the exception of the charges of illegal imprisonment and false arrest, and added charges of reckless endangerment to all the officers involved.
Gray's hospitalization and subsequent death resulted in a series of protests. A major protest in downtown Baltimore turned violent, resulting in 34 arrests and injuries to 15 police officers. After Gray's funeral, civil disorder intensified with looting and burning of local businesses and a CVS drug store, culminating with a state of emergency declaration by Governor Larry Hogan, Maryland National Guard deployment to Baltimore, and the establishment of a curfew. On May 3, the National Guard started withdrawing from Baltimore, and on that night the curfew on the city was lifted.
In September 2015, it was decided that there would be separate trials for the accused. The trial against Officer William Porter ended in mistrial. Officers Nero, Goodson, and Rice were acquitted. The charges against the two remaining officers were dropped.
On September 12, 2017, the U.S. Department of Justice announced it would not bring federal charges against the six Baltimore police officers involved in the arrest and death in custody of Gray.
Backgrounds
=Freddie Gray=
Freddie Carlos Gray Jr. (August 16, 1989 – April 19, 2015){{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=DeNeen L. |title=Man who shot Gray video questions manslaughter charges for officers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/man-who-shot-gray-video-questions-manslaughter-charges-for-officers/2015/05/01/0e0315a0-f067-11e4-a55f-38924fca94f9_story.html |access-date=August 9, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=June 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621125310/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/man-who-shot-gray-video-questions-manslaughter-charges-for-officers/2015/05/01/0e0315a0-f067-11e4-a55f-38924fca94f9_story.html |url-status=live}} was the 25-year-old son of Gloria Darden. He had a twin sister, Fredericka Gray, as well as another sister, Carolina.{{Cite news |title=Beginning of Freddie Gray's life as sad as its end, court case shows |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-freddie-gray-lead-paint-20150423-story.html#page=1 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=April 23, 2015 |first=Jean |last=Marbella |date=April 23, 2015 |archive-date=October 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021074013/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-freddie-gray-lead-paint-20150423-story.html#page=1 |url-status=dead}} He was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after entering school, where he attended special education classes, played wide receiver in a local football little league team, and was a truant student. Gray failed several grades and dropped out of high school in ninth grade.{{cite news |last1=Anft |first1=Michael |title=Freddie Gray: The Running Man |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-10/the-baltimore-life-and-death-of-freddie-gray |access-date=July 28, 2023 |work=Bloomberg |date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529030516/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-10/the-baltimore-life-and-death-of-freddie-gray |url-status=live }} At the time of his death, Gray lived in the home owned by his sisters in the Gilmor Homes neighborhood. He stood {{convert|5|ft|8|in}} and weighed {{convert|145|lbs}}.{{Cite news |title=The death of Freddie Gray: What we know – and don't know |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-baltimore-freddie-gray-20150422-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=April 26, 2015 |issn=0458-3035 |date=April 22, 2015 |last=Muskal |first=Michael |archive-date=October 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031113504/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-baltimore-freddie-gray-20150422-story.html |url-status=live}} Gray had a criminal record with 18 prior arrests, on drug charges, three separate assault charges, and minor crimes and had spent time in jail.{{cite news |title=What we know, don't know about Freddie Gray's death |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/22/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-what-we-know/ |work=CNN |access-date=April 29, 2015 |date=April 22, 2015 |last1=Fantz |first1=Ashley |last2=Botelho |first2=Greg |archive-date=November 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130042125/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/22/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-what-we-know/ |url-status=live}}
=Police officers=
- Officer Caesar R. Goodson Jr., age 45, then a 16-year veteran of the police force.{{cite news |first1=Richard |last1=Fausset |first2=Serge F. |last2=Kovaleski |first3=Richard A. |last3=Oppel |title=Officers Facing Charges Find Themselves on an Unfamiliar Side of the Law |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/us/baltimore-officers-facing-charges-in-freddie-gray-case-find-themselves-on-an-unfamiliar-side-of-the-law.html |work=The New York Times|date=May 1, 2015|access-date=May 4, 2015|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503042738/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/us/baltimore-officers-facing-charges-in-freddie-gray-case-find-themselves-on-an-unfamiliar-side-of-the-law.html|url-status=live}}
- Officer Garrett E. Miller, age 26, joined the Baltimore Police Department in 2012.
- Officer Edward M. Nero, age 29, joined the Baltimore Police Department in 2012.{{cite news|title=Officer Edward Nero had been firefighter in N.J.|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-riots/bs-md-officer-edward-nero-20150501-story.html|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 6, 2015|date=May 1, 2015|last=Rentz|first=Catherine|archive-date=November 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120080221/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-riots/bs-md-officer-edward-nero-20150501-story.html|url-status=dead}}
- Officer William G. Porter, age 25, joined the police force in 2012.
- Lieutenant Brian W. Rice, age 41, then a 17-year-veteran of the force. Rice, who was promoted to lieutenant in 2011, is the highest-ranking officer charged in relation to Gray's death.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-riots/bs-md-brian-rice-20150501-story.html|title=Lieutenant Brian Rice charged in Freddie Gray death had weapons seized in 2012|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 5, 2015|date=May 2, 2015|last=Knezevich|first=Alison|archive-date=May 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518192722/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-riots/bs-md-brian-rice-20150501-story.html|url-status=live}} The Guardian reported that, in 2012, Rice had allegedly threatened to kill himself and the husband of his former partner. He had been hospitalized, reportedly, for a mental health evaluation and given an administrative suspension. The consequences of this threat included Rice having his guns confiscated, and a restraining order on behalf of the husband of his former partner.{{cite news |title=Freddie Gray officer threatened to kill himself and ex-partner's husband, court document alleges |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/05/freddie-gray-baltimore-police-brian-rice |work=The Guardian |access-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506005836/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/05/freddie-gray-baltimore-police-brian-rice|archive-date=May 6, 2015|last1=Swain|first1=Jon|date=May 5, 2015|last2=Laughand|first2=Oliver}} According to a police report obtained by The Guardian, Rice had also misused his position to order the arrest of his ex-girlfriend's husband as part of a personal dispute that took place two weeks before the incident.{{cite news|title=Officer in Freddie Gray case demanded man's arrest as part of personal dispute|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/08/baltimore-officer-brian-rice-freddie-gray |work=The Guardian |access-date=May 8, 2015|last=Knezevich|first=Alison|date=May 2, 2015|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008134919/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/08/baltimore-officer-brian-rice-freddie-gray|url-status=live}} Rice's record with the police Internal Affairs Division consisted of thirty-two complaints, two of which were sustained cases:{{harvnb|Barron|2023|p=42}} a 1998 incident involving drug evidence left in his car, and a 2012 incident where he sent sexual images to his former partner using his departmental cell phone.{{harvnb|Barron|2023|pp=38, 42}}
- Sergeant Alicia D. White, age 30, joined the force in 2010 and was promoted to sergeant three months prior to Gray's death. She grew up in Baltimore.
Arrest and death
File:Timeline of Freddie Gray's arrest.svg
Police encountered Freddie Gray on the morning of April 12, 2015, in the street near Baltimore's Gilmor Homes housing project,{{cite magazine |title=Freddie Gray's Death Becomes a Murder Case |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/freddie-grays-death-becomes-a-murder-case |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=May 1, 2015 |last=Davidson |first=Amy |date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120135538/http://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/freddie-grays-death-becomes-a-murder-case |url-status=live}} an area known to have high levels of home foreclosures,{{cite news |url=http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2015/04/28/3651951/baltimore-freddie-gray-economic/ |title=The Economic Devastation Fueling the Anger in Baltimore |work=ThinkProgress |access-date=May 2, 2015 |last=Covert |first=Bryce |date=April 28, 2015 |archive-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209050304/http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2015/04/28/3651951/baltimore-freddie-gray-economic/ |url-status=live}} poverty, drug deals, and violent crime. Approximately three weeks prior to the incident, Mosby had requested "enhanced" drug enforcement efforts at the corner of North and Mount.{{Cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-mosby-email-20150609-story.html#page=1 |title=Baltimore prosecutor asked police to target area where Freddie Gray was arrested |last=Rector |first=Kevin |date=June 9, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |archive-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609182427/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-mosby-email-20150609-story.html#page=1 |url-status=live}} According to the charging documents submitted by the Baltimore police,{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bal-charging-documents-for-freddie-gray-20150420-htmlstory.html |title=Charging documents for Freddie Gray |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=April 20, 2015 |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120052325/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bal-charging-documents-for-freddie-gray-20150420-htmlstory.html |url-status=dead}} at 8:39 a.m Lieutenant Brian W. Rice, Officer Edward Nero, and Officer Garrett E. Miller were patrolling on bicycles and made eye contact with Gray,{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/30/us/what-happened-freddie-gray-arrested-by-baltimore-police-department-map-timeline.html |title=The Timeline of Freddie Gray's Arrest and the Charges Filed |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506173840/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/30/us/what-happened-freddie-gray-arrested-by-baltimore-police-department-map-timeline.html |date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |url-status=dead |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Buchanan |first2=Larry |last3=Lai |first3=K. K. Rebecca |last4=Wallace |first4=Tim |last5=Yourish |first5=Karen}}{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/look-baltimore-police-officers-charged-freddie-grays-death-n352696 |title=A Look at the Baltimore Police Officers Charged in Freddie Gray's Death |work=NBC News |access-date=May 3, 2015 |last=Fieldstadt |first=Elisha |date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503010019/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/look-baltimore-police-officers-charged-freddie-grays-death-n352696 |url-status=live}} who proceeded to flee on foot "unprovoked upon noticing police presence". After a brief chase, Gray was apprehended and taken into custody "without the use of force or incident", according to Officer Garrett Miller, who wrote he "noticed a knife clipped to the inside of his [Gray's] front right pocket". In the formal statement of charges, Officer Miller stated that Gray "did unlawfully carry, possess, and sell a knife commonly known as a switch blade knife, with an automatic spring or other device for opening and/or closing the blade within the limits of Baltimore City. The knife was recovered by this officer and found to be a spring assisted one hand operated knife."{{cite news |last=McLaughlin |first=Eliott |title=Freddie Gray death: Protesters rally in Baltimore |publisher=CNN |date=April 21, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html |access-date=April 22, 2015 |archive-date=February 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206174951/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html |url-status=live}} According to the state's attorney for Baltimore City, the spring-assisted knife Gray was carrying was legal under Maryland law, while a police task force said the knife was a violation of the Baltimore code under which Gray was charged.{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-incident-penn-north-20150504-story.html#page=1 |title=Gunshot at scene of protests underscores tension in city |last=Campbell |first=Colin |date=May 4, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=May 5, 2015 |archive-date=November 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121020323/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-incident-penn-north-20150504-story.html#page=1 |url-status=dead}}
Video recordings by two bystanders capturing Gray's arrest showed Gray, screaming,{{cite news|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/us/baltimore-crowd-swells-in-protest-of-freddie-grays-death.html|title=Scenes of Chaos in Baltimore as Thousands Protest Freddie Gray's death|work=The New York Times|date=April 25, 2015|access-date=May 2, 2015|last2=Babcock|first2=Stephen|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503043005/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/us/baltimore-crowd-swells-in-protest-of-freddie-grays-death.html|url-status=live}} being dragged to a police van by officers, and then stepping up into the van. A bystander with connections to Gray stated that the officers were previously "folding" Gray: one officer bent Gray's legs backwards, and another held Gray down by pressing a knee into his neck. Witnesses commented Gray "couldn't walk",{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/04/23/ac-freddie-gray-witness-speaks-to-anderson-cooper.cnn|title=Freddie Gray witness speaks to Anderson Cooper|publisher=CNN|access-date=May 1, 2015|date=April 23, 2015|type=Video|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614095439/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/04/23/ac-freddie-gray-witness-speaks-to-anderson-cooper.cnn|url-status=live}} "can't use his legs".{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YV0EtkWyno|title=New video shows arrest of Freddie Gray in Baltimore|publisher=CNN|access-date=May 1, 2015|date=April 21, 2015|type=Video|archive-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501072829/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YV0EtkWyno&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}} Baltimore Police Commissioner Anthony W. Batts noted from the video that "Gray stood on one leg and climbed into the van on his own."{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/prisoner-in-van-said-freddie-gray-was-banging-against-the-walls-during-ride/2015/04/29/56d7da10-eec6-11e4-8666-a1d756d0218e_story.html|title=Public Safety Prisoner in van heard 'banging against walls'|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 6, 2015|last=Herman|first=Peter|date=April 29, 2015|archive-date=May 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505073707/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/prisoner-in-van-said-freddie-gray-was-banging-against-the-walls-during-ride/2015/04/29/56d7da10-eec6-11e4-8666-a1d756d0218e_story.html|url-status=live}} The Baltimore Sun reported that another witness saw Gray being beaten with police batons.
According to the police timeline, Gray was placed in a transport van within 11 minutes of his arrest, and within 30 minutes, paramedics were summoned to take Gray to a hospital. The van made four confirmed stops while Gray was detained. At 8:46 am, Gray was unloaded in order to be placed in leg irons because police said he was acting irate. Gray's shackling was recorded on a cellphone, which exhibited a motionless Gray surrounded by several officers as he was restrained.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/sun-investigates/bs-md-mount-baker-streets-20150520-story.html#page=1|title=Video spotlights Freddie Gray at Baker and Mount streets|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 20, 2015|last=Rentz|first=Catherine|date=May 20, 2015|archive-date=May 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521030312/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/sun-investigates/bs-md-mount-baker-streets-20150520-story.html#page=1|url-status=dead}} A later stop, recorded by a private security camera, shows the van stopped at a grocery store. At 8:59 am, a second prisoner was placed in the vehicle while officers checked on Gray's condition.{{cite news|last1=Rector|first1=Kevin|title=The 45-minute mystery of Freddie Gray's death|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-gray-ticker-20150425-story.html#page=1|access-date=April 28, 2015|date=April 25, 2015|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|archive-date=May 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003509/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-gray-ticker-20150425-story.html#page=1|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/events-leading-freddie-gray-death-police-custody-article-1.2205414 |title=Events Leading to Freddie Gray's Death|work=Daily News|location=New York|access-date=April 30, 2015|date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=December 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225085208/http://m.nydailynews.com/news/national/events-leading-freddie-gray-death-police-custody-article-1.2205414|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Baltimore Police Promise Full Investigation into Man's Death After Arrest|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/20/401110943/baltimore-police-promise-full-investigation-into-mans-death-after-arrest|access-date=April 22, 2015|publisher=NPR|last=Peralta|first=Eyder|date=April 20, 2015|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008134905/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/04/20/401110943/baltimore-police-promise-full-investigation-into-mans-death-after-arrest|url-status=live}} At 9:24 am, the transport van arrived at its final stop, the West District police station. After paramedics treated Gray for 21 minutes, he was taken to the University of Maryland's R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center at 9:45 am in a coma.{{cite news|title=Baltimore police: Freddie Gray died from a 'tragic injury to his spinal cord'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/20/baltimore-police-freddie-gray-arrested-without-force-or-incident-before-fatal-injury/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=April 20, 2015|access-date=April 26, 2015|issn=0190-8286|first1=Lindsey|last1=Bever|first2=Abby|last2=Ohlheiser|archive-date=April 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425124613/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/20/baltimore-police-freddie-gray-arrested-without-force-or-incident-before-fatal-injury/|url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/freddie-gray-baltimore-arrest-protests-timeline-the-case-msna586321 |title=Freddie Gray: From Baltimore arrest to protests, a timeline of the case|publisher=MSNBC|access-date=May 4, 2015|date=May 1, 2015|last=Ortiz|first=Erik|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503172901/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/freddie-gray-baltimore-arrest-protests-timeline-the-case|url-status=live}}
The media has suggested the possibility of a rough ride—a form of police brutality where a handcuffed prisoner is placed without a seatbelt in an erratically driven vehicle—as a contributing factor in Gray's injury.{{cite web|last1=O'Connor|first1=Thomas|title=Police Ethics and Deviance|date=2012|url=http://www.drtomoconnor.com/1030/1030lect05.htm|website=MegaLinks in Criminal Justice|access-date=April 29, 2015|archive-date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723003310/http://www.drtomoconnor.com/1030/1030lect05.htm|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last1=Donovan|first1=Doug|last2=Puente|first2=Mark|title=Freddie Gray not the first to come out of Baltimore police van with serious injuries|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-gray-rough-rides-20150423-story.html#page=1|access-date=April 28, 2015|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=April 23, 2015|archive-date=September 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928161032/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-gray-rough-rides-20150423-story.html#page=1|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|title=Baltimore police prisoner rough ride history|last1=Broom|first1=Scott|url=http://www.wusa9.com/videos/news/local/2015/04/24/26329441/|access-date=April 29, 2015|publisher=WUSA 9|date=April 29, 2015|type=Video|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501101007/http://www.wusa9.com/videos/news/local/2015/04/24/26329441/|archive-date=May 1, 2015|url-status=dead}} During Officer Goodson's trial, a prosecution witness testified that he "could not say" if there had been a rough ride, and the judge ruled that the prosecution had not presented evidence to back that assumption.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/18/us/officers-murder-trial-in-freddie-gray-death-turns-on-rough-ride.html|title=Officer's Murder Trial in Freddie Gray Death Turns on 'Rough Ride'|date=June 18, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 1, 2017|archive-date=July 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718192011/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/18/us/officers-murder-trial-in-freddie-gray-death-turns-on-rough-ride.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/23/us/baltimore-goodson-verdict-freddie-gray/index.html|title=Freddie Gray verdict: Baltimore officer who drove van not guilty on all charges|author1=Ray Sanchez|author2=Lawrence Crook III|author3=Laura Ly|date=June 23, 2016|publisher=CNN|access-date=June 26, 2016|archive-date=June 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626085044/http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/23/us/baltimore-goodson-verdict-freddie-gray/index.html|url-status=live}} Moreover, and as noted by the BBC in December 2015, "Throughout the trial, the prosecution insisted that Mr Porter could have saved Gray's life by restraining him and by calling for medical help after his injury. They described the police van as a coffin on wheels."{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35117901|title=Mistrial in US Freddie Gray case|date=December 16, 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=February 14, 2020|language=en-GB|archive-date=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314132208/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35117901|url-status=live}}
Subsequently, in June 2016, the Baltimore Sun noted that Dr. Carol Allan, an assistant medical examiner, "testified that Gray's fatal neck injuries, resembling those suffered in a diving accident, were caused by abrupt force to his neck during his transport, when he could not see outside the van to predict sudden stops, starts or turns."{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-goodson-day-2-20160610-story.html|title=At Goodson trial, medical examiner defends homicide ruling in Freddie Gray autopsy|last1=Fenton|first2=Kevin|last2=Rector|first1=Justin|website=Baltimore Sun|date=June 10, 2016|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728174446/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-goodson-day-2-20160610-story.html|url-status=live}}
The department's seatbelt policy had been revised six days prior to Gray's arrest, in an attempt to protect detained individuals from serious injuries during transport. The policy was not followed in Gray's case. According to attorney Michael Davey, who represents at least one of the officers under investigation, the new rules were criticized by some. He explained that in certain situations, like when a prisoner is combative, "It is not always possible or safe for officers to enter the rear of those transport vans that are very small, and this one was very small."
In the following week, according to the Gray family attorney, Gray suffered from total cardiopulmonary arrest at least once but was resuscitated without ever regaining consciousness. He remained in a coma, and underwent extensive surgery in an effort to save his life.{{cite news|title=Baltimore looks into Freddie Gray police custody death|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/20/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 22, 2015|date=April 20, 2015|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Eliott C.|last2=Brumfield|first2=Ben|last3=Ford|first3=Dana|archive-date=May 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525031436/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/20/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html|url-status=live}} According to his family, he lapsed into a coma with three fractured vertebrae, injuries to his voice box, and his spine 80% severed at his neck. Police confirmed that the spinal injury led to Gray's death.{{cite news|title=Six Baltimore officers suspended over police-van death of Freddie Gray|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/20/baltimore-officers-suspended-death-freddie-gray|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=April 24, 2015|first1=Oliver|last1=Laughland|first2=Jon|last2=Swaine|date=April 20, 2015|archive-date=December 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208074357/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/20/baltimore-officers-suspended-death-freddie-gray|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=The Mysterious Death of Freddie Gray|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-mysterious-death-of-freddie-gray/391119/|newspaper=The Atlantic|access-date=April 26, 2015|last=Graham|first=David A.|date=April 22, 2015|archive-date=December 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209195506/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-mysterious-death-of-freddie-gray/391119/|url-status=live}} Gray died on April 19, 2015, a week after his arrest.
Aftermath
=Investigation=
The Baltimore Police Department suspended six officers with pay pending an investigation of Gray's death. The six officers involved in the arrest were identified as Lieutenant Brian Rice, Sergeant Alicia White, Officer William Porter, Officer Garrett Miller, Officer Edward Nero, and Officer Caesar Goodson.{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Jayne |url=http://m.wbaltv.com/news/charging-documents-freddie-gray-ran-from-police/32468120 |title=6 officers suspended in Freddie Gray case |work=WBAL |date=April 20, 2015 |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423231812/http://m.wbaltv.com/news/charging-documents-freddie-gray-ran-from-police/32468120 |url-status=live }} On April 24, 2015, Police Commissioner Anthony Batts said, "We know our police employees failed to get him medical attention in a timely manner multiple times."{{cite news|title=Police: Freddie Gray didn't get timely medical care after arrest|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/24/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html|work=CNN|access-date=April 24, 2015|last1=Payne|first1=Ed|last2=Almasy|first2=Steve|last3=Pearson|first3=Michael|date=April 24, 2015|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318115515/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/24/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death/index.html|url-status=live}} Batts also acknowledged police did not follow procedure when they failed to buckle Gray in the van while he was being transported to the police station. The U.S. Department of Justice also opened an investigation into the case.{{cite news|title=Feds investigating Baltimore man's death in police custody|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/feds-investigating-baltimore-mans-death-in-police-custody/|work=CBS News|access-date=April 22, 2015|last=Boswell|first=Craig|date=April 21, 2015|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427042240/http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/feds-investigating-baltimore-mans-death-in-police-custody/|url-status=live}}
On April 30, 2015, Kevin Moore, one of the witnesses who filmed Gray's arrest, was arrested at gunpoint following what Moore described as "harassment and intimidation" by police. Moore stated he had cooperated with police, and gave over his video of Gray's arrest for investigation. He claimed, despite aiding in the investigation, his photo was made public by police, who asked the public to identify him because he was "wanted for questioning". Moore said the police obviously knew who he was when they posted his photo.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-man-who-filmed-freddie-gray-video-has-been-arrested-at-gunpoint-10217973.html|title=The Man Who Filmed Freddie Gray Video has been Arrested at Gunpoint|work=The Independent|access-date=May 1, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher|date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=May 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502081347/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-man-who-filmed-freddie-gray-video-has-been-arrested-at-gunpoint-10217973.html|url-status=live}} Moore was released from custody the next day, but two other individuals who were arrested along with Moore remained in custody.{{cite news|url=http://www.rawstory.com/2015/05/man-who-recorded-freddie-grays-arrest-taken-into-custody-after-complaining-of-police-harassment/|title=Man who recorded Freddie Gray's arrest taken into custody after complaining of police harassment|work=Raw Story|access-date=May 2, 2015|last=Gettys|first=Travis|date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=May 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526231821/http://www.rawstory.com/2015/05/man-who-recorded-freddie-grays-arrest-taken-into-custody-after-complaining-of-police-harassment/|url-status=live}} The same day as Moore's arrest, medical examiners reported Gray sustained more injuries as a result of slamming into the inside of the transport van, "apparently breaking his neck; a head injury he sustained matches a bolt in the back of the van".{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/30/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death-investigation/|title=Report: Freddie Gray sustained injury in back of police van|work=CNN|access-date=May 1, 2015|date=May 1, 2015|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Eliott|last2=Almasy|first2=Steve|last3=Yan|first3=Holly|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101140751/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/30/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-death-investigation/|url-status=live}}
On May 19, 2015, prosecutors asked a judge to place a gag order on attorneys, police, and witnesses of the arrest, arguing that statements by the attorneys of some of the officers charged could prejudice the public.{{cite news|title=Prosecutors call for gag order in Freddie Gray case|url=http://www.wwmt.com/news/features/national/stories/Prosecutors-call-for-gag-order-in-Freddie-Gray-case-133210.shtml|work=WWMT|access-date=May 20, 2015|date=May 19, 2015|archive-date=May 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521002824/http://www.wwmt.com/news/features/national/stories/Prosecutors-call-for-gag-order-in-Freddie-Gray-case-133210.shtml|url-status=dead}} On June 8, 2015, it was announced that a judge had denied the state's attorney's request for a gag order on procedural grounds.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-gag-order-stricken-20150608-story.html|title=Judge strikes state's motion for gag order in Freddie Gray case|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=June 9, 2015|last=Rector|first=Kevin|date=June 8, 2015|archive-date=June 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609182510/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-gag-order-stricken-20150608-story.html|url-status=live}}
=Charges, indictments, and trials=
On May 1, 2015, after receiving a medical examiner's report ruling Gray's death a homicide, state prosecutors said that they had probable cause to file criminal charges against the six officers involved. State's attorney Marilyn Mosby said that the Baltimore police had acted illegally and that "No crime had been committed" (by Freddie Gray).{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/01/baltimore-freddie-gray-death |title=Freddie Gray death: cries of 'justice' in Baltimore after six officers charged |date=May 1, 2015 |access-date=May 1, 2015 |work=The Guardian |first1=Jon |last1=Swaine |first2=Oliver |last2=Laughland |first3=Raya |last3=Jalabi |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008134946/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/01/baltimore-freddie-gray-death |url-status=live }} Mosby said that Gray "suffered a critical neck injury as a result of being handcuffed, shackled by his feet and unrestrained inside the BPD wagon".{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-baltimore-idUSKBN0NL1GO20150501|title=Six Baltimore police officers face murder, other charges in death of black man|work=Reuters|access-date=May 3, 2015|date=May 3, 2015|last1=Malone|first1=Scott|last2=Simpson|first2=Ian|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518231238/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-baltimore-idUSKBN0NL1GO20150501|url-status=live}} Mosby said officers had "failed to establish probable cause for Mr. Gray's arrest, as no crime had been committed", and charged officers with false imprisonment, because Gray was carrying a pocket knife of legal size, and not the switchblade police claimed he had possessed at the time of his arrest.{{cite news|title=Freddie Gray: Baltimore police to face criminal charges|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32554371|work=BBC News|access-date=May 1, 2015|date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503011741/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32554371|url-status=live}} All six officers were taken into custody and processed at Baltimore Central Booking and Intake Center.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-mosby-presser-0502-20150501-story.html#page=1|title=Six officers charged in death of Freddie Gray|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 2, 2015|last=Marbella|first=Jean|date=May 2, 2015|archive-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501170134/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-mosby-presser-0502-20150501-story.html#page=1|url-status=dead}}
Three of the officers faced manslaughter charges and one faced an additional count of second-degree depraved-heart murder. The murder charge carries a possible penalty of 30 years in prison; the manslaughter and assault offenses carry a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison.{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403496063/freddie-gray-update-new-speculation-on-his-death-and-peaceful-protests |title=Charges Against Officers in Freddie Gray's Death Range From Murder To Assault|work=NPR|access-date=May 3, 2015|last=Chappell|first=Bill|date=May 3, 2015|archive-date=May 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502222449/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403496063/freddie-gray-update-new-speculation-on-his-death-and-peaceful-protests|url-status=live}} All six officers were released from jail after posting bail the same day they were booked. Two officers were released on $250,000 bail and the four others' bail was $350,000.{{cite news|title=All six officers charged in Freddie Gray's death released on bail|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-what-is-next-for-officers-20150501-story.html|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 3, 2015|last1=Anderson|first1=Jessica|last2=Broadwater|first2=Luke|date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=November 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120234850/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-what-is-next-for-officers-20150501-story.html|url-status=dead}}
File:Baltimore Police officers charged in Freddie Gray's homicide.jpg
On September 2, 2015, it was decided to hold separate trials for the accused.{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/state-attorney-mosbys-acts-questioned-freddie-gray-hearing-n420341 |access-date=November 18, 2015 |title=Six Cops in the Freddie Gray Case To Be Tried Separately |work=NBC News |date=September 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117191000/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/state-attorney-mosbys-acts-questioned-freddie-gray-hearing-n420341 |url-status=live}} In December 2015, Baltimore judge Barry Williams declared a mistrial in the trial of Officer Porter after the jury was unable to reach a verdict.
In May 2016, Judge Williams found Nero not guilty by means of a bench trial.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/23/us/freddie-gray-trial-officer-edward-nero/index.html |title=Freddie Gray verdict: Officer Edward Nero not guilty |first1=Eliott C. |last1=McLaughlin |first2=Aaron |last2=Cooper |first3=Ray |last3=Sanchez |website=CNN |date=May 23, 2016 |access-date=May 23, 2016 |archive-date=May 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523215808/http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/23/us/freddie-gray-trial-officer-edward-nero/index.html |url-status=live }} On June 23, 2016, Officer Goodson was acquitted of all charges by Circuit Judge Barry Williams.{{cite news |last1=Fenton |first1=Justin |last2=Rector |first2=Kevin |title=Freddie Gray case: Officer Caesar Goodson Jr. not guilty on all charges |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-goodson-verdict-20160623-story.html |access-date=June 24, 2016 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=June 23, 2016}} In June 2016, law professor John Banzhaf of George Washington University filed a complaint with the bar against Marilyn Mosby for prosecutorial misconduct.{{cite web |last1=McCorkel |first1=Meghan |title=Complaint Filed Against Mosby Calls Her 'A Runaway Prosecutor' |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/10-page-complaint-filed-against-marilyn-mosby-over-freddie-gray-investigation/ |website=CBS News Baltimore |date=June 30, 2016 |access-date=July 5, 2016 |archive-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704105116/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/06/30/10-page-complaint-filed-against-marilyn-mosby-over-freddie-gray-investigation/ |url-status=live }}
In January 2017, a federal judge allowed a lawsuit by five of the six police officers unsuccessfully charged by Mosby. Mosby was being sued for malicious prosecution, defamation, and invasion of privacy.{{Cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-mosby-lawsuit-to-proceed-20170106-story.html |title=Freddie Gray case: Judge allows malicious prosecution lawsuit against Mosby to proceed |date=January 6, 2017 |last=Fenton |first=Justin |work=Baltimore Sun |access-date=February 13, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203115356/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-mosby-lawsuit-to-proceed-20170106-story.html |url-status=live }} The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals blocked the lawsuit on the grounds that Mosby had immunity from such charges in May 2018,{{cite news |last1=Rector |first1=Kevin |title=Supreme Court denies Baltimore officers' appeal in case against Marilyn Mosby |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-scotus-denial-20181113-story.html |access-date=November 9, 2023 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=November 13, 2018 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109223544/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-scotus-denial-20181113-story.html |url-status=live }} and the U.S. Supreme Court denied the officers' appeal in November 2018.
==Response to charges==
Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake said there was no place in the Baltimore Police department for those police officers who "choose to engage in violence, brutality, [and] racism".{{cite news |first1=Alan |last1=Blinder |first2=Richard |last2=Pérez-Peña |title=6 Baltimore Police Officers Charged in Freddie Gray Death |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/us/freddie-gray-autopsy-report-given-to-baltimore-prosecutors.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 1, 2015 |date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403112609/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/us/freddie-gray-autopsy-report-given-to-baltimore-prosecutors.html?_r=0 |url-status=live}} Gene Ryan, president of the police union, chapter said that despite the tragic situation, "none of the officers involved are responsible for the death of Mr. Gray."
President Barack Obama said it was vital that the truth be found and supported protests if they were peaceful.{{cite news|title=Freddie Gray Death: Obama Says It's 'Absolutely Vital' to Get the Truth|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/freddie-gray-death-obama-says-absolutely-vital-get-truth-n351991|work=NBC News|access-date=May 6, 2015|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503200243/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/freddie-gray-death-obama-says-absolutely-vital-get-truth-n351991|url-status=live}}
In a May 4, 2015, interview on Fox News, Alan Dershowitz said that he believes Mosby overcharged the officers in an attempt to satisfy protesters and prevent further disturbances.{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/video/4214828955001 |title=Justice or crowd control? Dershowitz on Baltimore charges|work=Fox News |access-date=May 6, 2015|date=May 4, 2015|archive-date=May 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506212500/http://video.foxnews.com/v/4214828955001/justice-or-crowd-control-dershowitz-on-baltimore-charges/?#sp=show-clips|url-status=live}} Former Baltimore Prosecutor Page Croyder penned an op-ed in The Baltimore Sun where she described Mosby's charges as reflecting "either incompetence or an unethical recklessness".{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-freddie-gray-mosby-20150505-story.html |title=Police charges in Freddie Gray case are incompetent at best |last=Croyder |first=Page |date=May 5, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518165145/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-freddie-gray-mosby-20150505-story.html |url-status=live }} Croyder opined that Mosby circumvented normal procedures "to step into the national limelight", and that she "pandered to the public", creating an expectation of a conviction.
A motion for Mosby to recuse herself from the case was filed on behalf of the charged officers, on the alleged basis of personal gain by Mosby and her husband, personal relationships with potential witnesses, and the financial interest of Gray's attorney, who the motion claims is a close friend of Mosby.{{cite news |title=Motion filed to have Marilyn Mosby recuse herself |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/news/Motion-filed-to-have-Marilyn-Mosby-recuse-herself/32895776 |last=Lettis |first=George |work=WBALTV |access-date=May 9, 2015 |archive-date=May 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519060202/http://www.wbaltv.com/news/Motion-filed-to-have-Marilyn-Mosby-recuse-herself/32895776 |url-status=live }} CNN's legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin pointed out that he does not see any serious conflict of interest to disqualify Mosby from the case, and that the officers may not have a case with that motion.{{cite news |last=Feldman |first=Josh |title=CNN's Toobin: Cops Don't Have a Case Against Marilyn Mosby |url=http://www.mediaite.com/tv/cnns-toobin-cops-dont-have-a-case-against-marilyn-mosby/ |work=Mediaite |access-date=May 11, 2015 |date=May 8, 2015 |archive-date=May 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511231020/http://www.mediaite.com/tv/cnns-toobin-cops-dont-have-a-case-against-marilyn-mosby/ |url-status=dead }} The lawyers representing the officers filed a motion insisting that the city must pay thousands of dollars in damages for arresting and detaining them—or else they could sue Mosby and the Mayor of Baltimore, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake.{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=May 8, 2015 |title=Baltimore: Freddie Gray police threaten to sue state's attorney Marilyn Mosby |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/08/baltimore-freddie-gray-police-threaten-to-sue-marilyn-mosby |access-date=May 8, 2015 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008134946/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/08/baltimore-freddie-gray-police-threaten-to-sue-marilyn-mosby |url-status=live }} In an 11-page rebuttal, Chief Deputy State's Attorney Michael Schatzow wrote that Gray was detained "well before the arresting officers knew he possessed a knife" and that the motion was absurdly "bounc[ing] from one ridiculous allegation to another, like a pinball on a machine far past 'TILT{{'"}}.{{cite news|title=Mosby's office: Defense attacks in Gray case 'like pinball on machine far past TILT'|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-prosecutors-respond-20150519-story.html#page=1|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 20, 2015|last=Fenton|date=May 19, 2015|first=Justin|archive-date=June 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617150541/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-prosecutors-respond-20150519-story.html#page=1|url-status=dead}} Mosby was ordered to respond to the motion filed by the defense attorneys by June 26, 2015.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-gray-motions-deadline-20150605-story.html|title=Judge orders Mosby to respond to defense motions in Freddie Gray case by June 26|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=June 8, 2015|archive-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606111321/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-gray-motions-deadline-20150605-story.html|url-status=live}}
==Officer William G. Porter==
Porter met up with the van after Goodson called dispatchers to ask for an officer to come check on Gray. He was requested twice by Gray for a medic, but did not call for one. He was charged with involuntary manslaughter; second-degree assault; and misconduct in office. Porter posted a {{US$}}350,000 bail. The grand jury indicted Porter on all charges and added an indictment of reckless endangerment.{{Cite news |last=Pérez-Peña |first=Richard |date=May 21, 2015 |title=Six Baltimore Officers Indicted in Death of Freddie Gray |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/22/us/six-baltimore-officers-indicted-in-death-of-freddie-gray.html |access-date=May 21, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008135014/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/22/us/six-baltimore-officers-indicted-in-death-of-freddie-gray.html |url-status=live }} On December 16, 2015, a mistrial was declared on all charges, after the jury was hung and could not come to a decision.{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/16/us/baltimore-police-trial-freddie-gray/index.html |title=Freddie Gray case: Hung jury in Baltimore cop's trial |first1=Aaron |last1=Cooper |first2=Carolyn |last2=Sung |first3=Catherine E. |last3=Shoichet |date=December 16, 2015 |work=CNN |access-date=December 16, 2015 |archive-date=December 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216204744/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/16/us/baltimore-police-trial-freddie-gray/index.html |url-status=live }} Porter's second trial was scheduled for June 13, 2016. Analysts stated that the Porter's retrial could have caused problems for the other trials, under the presumption that he could not be compelled to testify while there are pending charges against him.{{cite news |first=Justin |last=Fenton |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-porter-trial-date-20151221-story.html|title=Porter retrial scheduled for June 13; Goodson's trial unchanged, to begin Jan. 6|date=December 21, 2015|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=December 22, 2015|archive-date=December 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223100722/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-porter-trial-date-20151221-story.html|url-status=live}} After several appeals and reversals, the Maryland Court of Appeals ruled that Porter would be required to testify in the cases against the other officers.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/freddie-gray-case-baltimore-officer-william-porter-ordered-to-testify-against-other-cops/|title=Freddie Gray case: Baltimore Officer William Porter ordered to testify against other cops|date=March 8, 2016|work=CBS News|access-date=March 9, 2016|archive-date=March 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309094828/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/freddie-gray-case-baltimore-officer-william-porter-ordered-to-testify-against-other-cops/|url-status=live}} Porter's retrial date was originally scheduled for September 6, 2016.{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/new-trial-dates-selected-for-officers-charged-in-freddie-gray-case/2016/03/15/7d47a876-eafe-11e5-a6f3-21ccdbc5f74e_story.html|title=New trial dates selected for officers charged in Freddie Gray case|last=Bui|first=Lynh|date=March 15, 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=March 16, 2016|archive-date=March 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316015957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/new-trial-dates-selected-for-officers-charged-in-freddie-gray-case/2016/03/15/7d47a876-eafe-11e5-a6f3-21ccdbc5f74e_story.html|url-status=live}} On July 27, 2016, all charges against him were dropped.
==Officer Caesar R. Goodson Jr.==
Goodson, the driver of the van, was charged with second-degree depraved-heart murder; involuntary manslaughter; second-degree assault; manslaughter by vehicle (gross negligence); manslaughter by vehicle (criminal negligence); and misconduct in office. He posted a {{US$}}350,000 bail.{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Schwartzman |title=Accused officers have wide range of experience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/who-are-the-police-officers-charged-in-the-death-of-freddie-gray/2015/05/01/dde6bc2e-f01f-11e4-8666-a1d756d0218e_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 1, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211002300/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/who-are-the-police-officers-charged-in-the-death-of-freddie-gray/2015/05/01/dde6bc2e-f01f-11e4-8666-a1d756d0218e_story.html |url-status=live }} The grand jury indicted Goodson on all charges and added an indictment of reckless endangerment. Goodson was found not guilty on all charges by Circuit Judge Barry Williams on June 23, 2016.
==Officers Garrett E. Miller and Edward M. Nero==
Miller and Nero were the officers who caught Gray after he fled, and, after apprehending him, handcuffed Gray with his arms behind his back. Miller was charged with two counts of second-degree assault; two counts of misconduct in office; and false imprisonment. Nero was charged with two counts of second-degree assault; misconduct in office; and false imprisonment.{{cite magazine|title=Read the Transcript of Marilyn Mosby's Freddie Gray Statement|url=https://time.com/3843870/marilyn-mosby-transcript-freddie-gray/|access-date=May 14, 2015|magazine=Time|date=May 1, 2015|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140006/https://time.com/3843870/marilyn-mosby-transcript-freddie-gray/|url-status=live}} Each posted a {{US$}}250,000 bail. The false imprisonment charges were dropped by the grand jury, but an indictment of reckless endangerment was added. Judge Williams found Nero not guilty of all charges on May 23, 2016.{{Cite news |last=Woods |first=Baynard |date=May 23, 2016 |title=Freddie Gray trial: officer Edward Nero found not guilty on all charges |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/23/freddie-gray-trial-police-officer-edward-nero-not-guilty |access-date=February 23, 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} Miller's trial date was set for July 27, 2016. At his pretrial hearing on July 27, 2016, however, all charges against Miller, Porter and White were dropped.{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/all-charges-dropped-in-freddie-gray-case-no-convictions |title=All charges dropped in Freddie Gray case; no convictions |publisher=Fox News |date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727215832/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/07/27/all-charges-dropped-in-freddie-gray-case-no-convictions.html |url-status=live }}
==Lt. Brian W. Rice==
Rice was the officer who initially made eye contact with Gray while on a bicycle patrol. He was charged with involuntary manslaughter; two counts of second-degree assault; manslaughter by vehicle (gross negligence); two counts of misconduct in office; and false imprisonment. He posted a {{US$}}350,000 bail. The false imprisonment charges were dropped by the grand jury, which added an indictment of reckless endangerment. Judge Williams dropped one of the assault charges after the prosecution rested, ruling there was not enough evidence to prove second-degree assault.{{Cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/trials/|title=Freddie Gray Case Trials: Day By Day|work=Baltimore Sun|date=July 11, 2016|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711171852/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/trials/|url-status=live}} Rice's trial began July 7, 2016. He was found not guilty on all counts by Judge Barry Williams on July 18, 2016.{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-rice-verdict-20160718-story.html|title=Freddie Gray case: Judge acquits Lt. Brian Rice of all charges|last=Rector|first=Kevin|date=July 18, 2016|website=www.baltimoresun.com|access-date=July 18, 2016|archive-date=July 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719134344/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-rice-verdict-20160718-story.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |first=Kevin |last=Rector |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-rice-trial-day5-20160714-story.html |title=After closing arguments, ruling in Lt. Rice trial in Freddie Gray case scheduled Monday|date=July 14, 2016|website=Baltimore Sun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715143803/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-rice-trial-day5-20160714-story.html |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-date=July 15, 2016 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbaltv.com/news/closing-arguments-set-in-trial-of-lt-brian-rice/40704548|title=Closing arguments conclude in trial of Lt. Brian Rice|last=Snyder|first=Ron|date=July 14, 2016|publisher=WBAL-TV|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=July 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715145935/http://www.wbaltv.com/news/closing-arguments-set-in-trial-of-lt-brian-rice/40704548|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last1=Samee Ali|first1=Safia|title=Highest Ranked Cop in Freddie Gray Case Not Guilty on All Counts|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/highest-ranked-cop-freddie-gray-case-not-guilty-all-counts-n610511|work=NBC News|date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2016}}
==Sgt. Alicia D. White (promoted in 2024 to the rank of Captain)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrouquere |first=Brett |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Officer involved in Freddie Gray case to oversee internal affairs |url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/community/criminal-justice/baltimore-police-alicia-white-freddie-gray-L2W6U5COJRET3JAX42ZPRILOYE/ |access-date=April 19, 2025 |website=The Baltimore Banner |language=en}}</ref>==
White was accused of not calling for medical assistance when she encountered Gray, "despite the fact she was advised that he needed a medic".{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/look-baltimore-police-officers-charged-freddie-grays-death-n352696|title=A Look at the Baltimore Police Officers Charged in Freddie Gray's Death|work=NBC News|access-date=May 4, 2015|archive-date=October 8, 2024 |date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140047/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/look-baltimore-police-officers-charged-freddie-grays-death-n352696 |first=Elisha |last=Fieldstadt |url-status=live}} She was charged with involuntary manslaughter; second-degree assault; and misconduct. She posted a {{US$}}350,000 bail. The grand jury indicted White on all charges and added an indictment of reckless endangerment. White's trial date was originally set for October 13, 2016. On July 27, 2016, all charges against her were dropped.
In February 2024, Baltimore Police officer Alicia White was promoted to the rank of Captain, assigned to oversee the Baltimore Police Public Integrity Bureau (PIB), the department responsible for investigating allegations of wrongdoing by police officers and civilian employees.{{Cite news |last=Franklin |first=Jonathan |date=February 14, 2024 |title=Officer involved in Freddie Gray's death will oversee Baltimore police integrity unit |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/02/14/1231225553/alicia-white-baltimore-police-promotion-freddie-gray-death |access-date=April 19, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Producer |first=Adam Thompson Digital Content |last2=Thompson |first2=CBS Baltimore Adam Thompson is a digital content producer for CBS Baltimore Read Full Bio Adam |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Officer who stood trial for death of Freddie Gray to oversee Internal Affairs for BPD - CBS Baltimore |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/officer-who-stood-trial-for-death-of-freddie-gray-to-oversee-internal-affairs-for-bpd/ |access-date=April 19, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}
Federal investigations
Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced on {{nowrap|May 8}}, 2015, that the Department of Justice would conduct a review of the current practices of Baltimore Police Department on account of the "serious erosion of public trust" in relation to the circumstances of Gray's death.{{cite news|title=Loretta Lynch Confirms Department of Justice Review of Baltimore Police|url=http://www.newsweek.com/loretta-lynch-confirms-department-justice-review-baltimore-police-329982|work=Newsweek|access-date=May 8, 2015|archive-date=May 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508214405/http://www.newsweek.com/loretta-lynch-confirms-department-justice-review-baltimore-police-329982|url-status=live}} The review took effect immediately, and focused on allegations that Baltimore police officers use excessive force, including deadly force, conduct unlawful searches, seizures or arrests, and engage in discriminatory policing.
{{as of|2015|May}}, Federal authorities were conducting three probes into Baltimore police, the "pattern of practice" investigation initiated by Lynch, a collaborative review that began in the fall of 2014, and a civil rights probe into the death of Gray.{{cite news |title=After Freddie Gray death, U.S. starts civil rights probe of Baltimore police|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-justice-announce-20150508-story.html#page=1|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105108/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bs-md-justice-announce-20150508-story.html |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}
On September 12, 2017, the U.S. Department of Justice announced it would not bring federal charges against the six Baltimore police officers involved in the arrest, and in-custody death of Freddie Gray.{{cite web |last1=Linderman |first1=Juliet |date=September 12, 2017 |title=DOJ won't bring charges against officers in Gray case |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/doj-bring-charges-officers-gray-case-49799790 |website=ABC.com |publisher=Associated Press |location=Baltimore |access-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917025716/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/doj-bring-charges-officers-gray-case-49799790 |url-status=live }}
= Internal disciplinary board investigations =
Non-criminal, internal disciplinary trials for the officers were prosecuted by a three person-panel chaired by a representative from another Maryland police agency, and outside lawyer, and former chair of the Baltimore City School Board Neil Dukel.{{Cite news |date=October 5, 2017 |last=Fenton |first=Justin |title=Freddie Gray case trial boards to be prosecuted by outside lawyer, a former school board chair |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-trial-board-outside-help-20171003-story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117133707/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-trial-board-outside-help-20171003-story.html |archive-date=November 17, 2017 |access-date=February 13, 2018 |work=baltimoresun.com |language=en-US}}
Of the six officers, Porter did not face internal discipline after investigation by the two county police agencies.{{Cite news |last1=Fenton |first1=Justin |last2=Rector |first2=Kevin |date=September 11, 2017 |title=Public disciplinary trials scheduled for five Baltimore police officers in Freddie Gray case |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2017/09/11/public-disciplinary-trials-scheduled-for-five-baltimore-police-officers-in-freddie-gray-case/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=Baltimore Sun |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329233614/https://www.baltimoresun.com/2017/09/11/public-disciplinary-trials-scheduled-for-five-baltimore-police-officers-in-freddie-gray-case/ |url-status=live }} Both Nero and Miller pled guilty, accepted departmental discipline and went back at work.{{Cite web |title=BPD officers accept internal punishment |url=https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2017/10/bpd-officers-accept-internal-punishment |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=The Johns Hopkins News-Letter |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329233614/https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2017/10/bpd-officers-accept-internal-punishment |url-status=live }} Cleared by trial boards were Rice{{Cite news |date=November 17, 2017 |title=Highest-Ranking Officer Involved In Gray's Arrest Found Not Guilty Of Administrative Charges - CBS Baltimore |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/freddie-gray-officer-administrative-hearing/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329233614/https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/freddie-gray-officer-administrative-hearing/ |url-status=live }} and Goodson.{{Cite news |last=Collins |first=David |date=November 7, 2017 |title=Police trial board clears Officer Caesar Goodson on all charges |url=https://www.wbaltv.com/article/closing-statements-expected-in-police-disciplinary-case/13311581 |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=WBAL |language=en |archive-date=November 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106210024/http://www.wbaltv.com/article/closing-statements-expected-in-police-disciplinary-case/13311581 |url-status=live }} Last, according to police spokesman T.J. Smith, White "would face no further administrative actions".{{Cite web |first=Justin |last=Fenton |date=November 23, 2017 |title=Administrative Charges Against Last Baltimore Police Officer in Freddie Gray Case Dismissed |url=https://www.officer.com/investigations/expert-testimony/news/20983771/administrative-charges-against-baltimore-police-officer-alicia-white-in-freddie-gray-case-dismissed |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=Officer |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329233615/https://www.officer.com/investigations/expert-testimony/news/20983771/administrative-charges-against-baltimore-police-officer-alicia-white-in-freddie-gray-case-dismissed |url-status=live }}
=Public response=
{{see also|2015 Baltimore protests}}
File:FreddieGrayPrecinctProtest.jpg
Public reaction to the death has drawn further parallels to the response to the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown, as part of a larger string of controversial uses of force by police officers in the United States against African Americans.{{cite news |date=April 28, 2015 |last1=Swift |first1=Tim |title=Baltimore's dual identity explains unrest |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32499923 |work=BBC News |access-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140213/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32499923 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |title=Baltimore Enlists National Guard and a Curfew to Fight Riots and Looting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/baltimore-freddie-gray.html |access-date=April 28, 2015 |work=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2015 |archive-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313110240/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/baltimore-freddie-gray.html |url-status=live}} {{as of |2015 |April |30 |df=US}}, 22 demonstrations had been held nationwide in direct response to Gray's death or in solidarity with Baltimore.{{cite web |url=https://www.elephrame.com/textbook/protests |title=At least 857 Black Lives Matter demonstrations have been held in the last 286 days |work=Elephrame |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226205743/https://www.elephrame.com/textbook/protests |archive-date=December 26, 2014 |url-status=dead}} Additionally, the Black Lives Matter movement has protested Gray's death.{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Yohuru |title=You're Nobody 'Till Somebody Kills You: Baltimore, Freddie Gray and the Problem of History |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/youre-nobody-till-somebod_b_7167028 |date=April 29, 2015 |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529012247/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/yohuru-williams/youre-nobody-till-somebod_b_7167028.html |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Durkin |first1=Erin |last2=Yaniv |first2=Oren |last3=Siemaszko |first3=Corky |date=April 27, 2015 |title=Baltimore burns as riots over Freddie Gray's death convulse city, prompt officials to declare state of emergency, call in National Guard |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/thousands-expected-freddie-gray-funeral-baltimore-article-1.2200229 |work=New York Daily News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429195719/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/thousands-expected-freddie-gray-funeral-baltimore-article-1.2200229 |access-date=May 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-date=April 29, 2015 }}
On April 18, 2015, hundreds of people participated in a protest outside the Baltimore Police Department.{{cite news |last1=Fenton |first1=Justin |title=Hundreds at Baltimore police station protest over man's injuries during arrest |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-shooting-20150418-story.html |access-date=April 30, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=April 18, 2015 |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505095655/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-shooting-20150418-story.html |url-status=dead}} Three days later, on April 21, 2015, according to Reuters, "[h]undreds of demonstrators gathered in Baltimore", protesting Gray's death.{{Cite news |title=Crowds protest death of man after arrest by Baltimore police |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-baltimore-idUSKBN0NC1MC20150421 |work=Reuters |date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=April 22, 2015 |last=Simpson |first=Ian |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130215728/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-baltimore-idUSKBN0NC1MC20150421 |url-status=live}} The next day, Gene Ryan, the president of the local lodge of the Fraternal Order of Police, expressed sympathy for the Gray family, but criticized the "rhetoric of protests" and suggested that "the images seen on television look and sound much like a lynch mob". William Murphy, attorney for the Gray family, demanded an "immediate apology and a retraction".{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-fop-news-conference-20150422-story.html |title=Baltimore police union president likens protests to 'lynch mob' |first1=Colin |last1=Campbell |first2=Justin |last2=George |date=April 22, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-date=February 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212111718/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-fop-news-conference-20150422-story.html |url-status=dead}} Ryan defended his statement two days later, while admitting that the wording was poor.{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/24/union-protesters-lynch-mob_n_7138282.html |title=Police Union Chief Defends Calling Baltimore Protesters A 'Lynch Mob' |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=April 24, 2015 |last=McCormack |first=Simon |archive-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504141455/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/24/union-protesters-lynch-mob_n_7138282.html |url-status=live}} Charles M. Blow of The New York Times, reminded of a column he wrote several years ago, said that comparing protests to lynch mobs was too extreme because it inflames racial tensions by belittling the significance of the history of lynching in the United States.{{cite news |title='Lynch Mob': Misuse of Language |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |work=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/opinion/charles-blow-lynch-mob-misuse-of-language.html |quote='Lynch mob' is the same ghastly rhetorical overreach that is often bandied about in political discussions – including in this column I wrote seven years ago. It was a too-extreme comparison then, and it's a too-extreme comparison now. |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429025846/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/opinion/charles-blow-lynch-mob-misuse-of-language.html |url-status=live}}
On April 25, 2015, protests were organized in downtown Baltimore, and the protests turned violent as protesters threw rocks and set fires.{{cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Grey |title=Baltimore Enlists National Guard and a Curfew to Fight Riots and Looting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/a-call-for-peace-before-freddie-grays-funeral-in-baltimore.html |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=August 27, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140322/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/baltimore-freddie-gray.html |url-status=live}} Many protesters were angered students who had been removed from their primary mode of transportation (city buses) and told to disperse from the city. Tension between the riot police and students grew as time passed, eventually leading to bottles and bricks thrown in protest of the large police presence of a so far peaceful protest of Gray's death{{Cite web |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/04/how-baltimore-riots-began-mondawmin-purge/ |title=Eyewitnesses: The Baltimore riots didn't start the way you think |first1=Jenna |last1=McLaughlin |first2=Sam |last2=Brodey |work=Mother Jones |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=April 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413234937/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/04/how-baltimore-riots-began-mondawmin-purge/ |url-status=live }} At least 34 people were arrested, and 15 officers were injured.{{cite news |title=Freddie Gray death: 12 arrested during protests |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/25/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-protest/index.html |work=CNN |access-date=April 25, 2015 |date=April 25, 2015 |last1=Marquez |first1=Miguel |last2=Almasy |first2=Steve |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427220446/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/25/us/baltimore-freddie-gray-protest/index.html |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Baltimore police arrest 35, 6 officers injured in protest |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-protest-arrests-20150426-story.html |access-date=November 24, 2015 |last1=Wenger |first1=Yvonne |last2=Campbell |first2=Colin |date=April 27, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427211610/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-protest-arrests-20150426-story.html |url-status=dead}} On April 27, rioting and looting began after the funeral of Gray, with two patrol cars destroyed and 15 officers reported injured.{{Cite news |title=Baltimore police, protesters clash; 15 officers hurt |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/04/27/baltimore-credible-threat/26454875/ |newspaper=USA Today |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |last1=Bacon |first1=John |last2=welch |first2=William M. |archive-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417222925/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/04/27/baltimore-credible-threat/26454875/ |url-status=live}} Protesters looted and burned down a CVS Pharmacy location in downtown Baltimore.{{Cite web |title=Baltimore riots: Looting, fires engulf city after Freddie Gray's funeral |last1=Yan |first1=Holly |publisher=CNN |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/27/us/baltimore-unrest/index.html |last2=Ford |first2=Dana |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212012316/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/27/us/baltimore-unrest/index.html |url-status=live}} In reaction to the unrest, the Maryland State Police sent 82 troopers to protect the city.{{cite news |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/news/downtown-businesses-organizations-close-early-monday/32595778 |title=Gov. declares state of emergency; activates National Guard |publisher=WBAL-TV |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102001117/https://www.wbaltv.com/news/downtown-businesses-organizations-close-early-monday/32595778 |url-status=live}} A Major League Baseball (MLB) game between the visiting Chicago White Sox and host Baltimore Orioles scheduled for the evening was postponed due to the unrest.{{cite news |title=Orioles game postponed amid violence, series could be moved |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/orioles/blog/bal-as-turmoil-currently-envelops-the-city-tonights-orioles-game-against-the-chicago-white-sox-is-stille-20150427-story.html |access-date=April 27, 2015 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=April 27, 2015 |last=Encina |first=Eduardo A. |archive-date=February 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207181259/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/orioles/blog/bal-as-turmoil-currently-envelops-the-city-tonights-orioles-game-against-the-chicago-white-sox-is-stille-20150427-story.html |url-status=dead}} The next game commenced as scheduled but, as a precautionary measure, the match was played behind closed doors,{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/baltimore-mayor-stephanie-rawlings-blake-defends-barring-fans/story?id=30694390 |title=Mayor Stephanie Rawlings Blake Defends Barring Fans |work=ABC News |access-date=April 30, 2015 |date=April 30, 2015 |last=Good |first=Dan |archive-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502234910/http://abcnews.go.com/US/baltimore-mayor-stephanie-rawlings-blake-defends-barring-fans/story?id=30694390 |url-status=live}} becoming the first crowdless game in MLB history.{{cite news |last=Ghiroli |first=Brittany |title=Today's White Sox-Orioles game closed to fans |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/white-sox-orioles-to-play-in-private-weekend-games-moved-to-tampa-bay/c-121011784 |work=MLB Advanced Media |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429135530/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/121011784/white-sox-orioles-to-play-in-private-weekend-games-moved-to-tampa-bay |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Encina |first=Eduardo |title=One year later, remembering an Orioles game without fans at Camden Yards |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/orioles/bs-sp-orioles-white-sox-0429-20160428-story.html |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |date=April 29, 2016 |access-date=April 19, 2018 |archive-date=April 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420074023/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/orioles/bs-sp-orioles-white-sox-0429-20160428-story.html |url-status=live}} The next series against the Tampa Bay Rays was moved to St. Petersburg.{{cite news |last1=Lupica |first1=Mike |title=Fanless game in Baltimore between Orioles and White Sox reflects somber racial divide |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/lupica-fanless-game-baltimore-reflects-racial-divide-article-1.2202831 |access-date=August 6, 2016 |work=New York Daily News |date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508230143/http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/lupica-fanless-game-baltimore-reflects-racial-divide-article-1.2202831 |url-status=live}} Maryland Governor Larry Hogan declared a state of emergency, and activated the Maryland National Guard.{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/hundreds-people-clash-police-baltimore-mall/story?id=30622868 |title=National Guard Troops Deployed After Violent Clashes in Baltimore |first=Emily |last=Shapiro |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |work=ABC News |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714111121/https://abcnews.go.com/US/hundreds-people-clash-police-baltimore-mall/story?id=30622868 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Executive Order 01.01.2015.14 |url=https://governor.maryland.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/EO-4-27-2015.pdf |publisher=Government of Maryland |access-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427045729/https://governor.maryland.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/EO-4-27-2015.pdf |url-status=live}} Hogan also activated 500 state troopers for duty in Baltimore and requested an additional 5,000 police officers from other locales.{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bal-university-of-baltimore-closes-amid-high-school-purge-threat-20150427-story.html |title=Riots erupt across West Baltimore, downtown |work=The Baltimore Sun |last=Dance |first=Scott |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502054433/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bal-university-of-baltimore-closes-amid-high-school-purge-threat-20150427-story.html |url-status=dead}}
At a press conference, Baltimore's mayor announced there would be a citywide curfew from 10:00 p.m. to 5:00 am.{{Cite web |title=Baltimore mayor orders curfew; 'thugs' trying to tear down city, she says |last1=Muskal |first1=Michael |last2=Hennigan |first2=W. J. |work=The Los Angeles Times |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-freddie-gray-funeral-baltimore-20150427-story.html |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429071648/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-freddie-gray-funeral-baltimore-20150427-story.html#page=1 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Violent clashes flare in Baltimore after Freddie Gray funeral |agency=Associated Press |work=Al Jazeera |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/4/27/freddie-gray-protests-violence-police.html |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429074004/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/4/27/freddie-gray-protests-violence-police.html |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news|title=Baltimore Mayor Imposes Curfew, Says 'Thugs' Trying To Tear Down City|agency=Associated Press |work=WJZ-TV|date=April 27, 2015|access-date=April 27, 2015|url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2015/04/27/baltimore-mayor-imposes-curfew-says-thugs-trying-to-tear-down-city/|archive-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501005636/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2015/04/27/baltimore-mayor-imposes-curfew-says-thugs-trying-to-tear-down-city/|url-status=live}} School trips were canceled until mid-May,{{Cite web |title=Gov. declares state of emergency; activates National Guard |work=WBAL-TV |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/news/downtown-businesses-organizations-close-early-monday/32595778 |archive-date=January 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108121140/http://www.wbaltv.com/article/gov-declares-state-of-emergency-activates-national-guard/7093239 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Concerns over violence leads to area closings in Baltimore |work=WMAR |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=http://www.abc2news.com/news/region/baltimore-city/university-of-maryland-baltimore-closing-early |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430150259/http://www.abc2news.com/news/region/baltimore-city/university-of-maryland-baltimore-closing-early |archive-date=April 30, 2015 }} and Baltimore's city schools were closed on April 28.{{Cite web |title=Baltimore police, protesters clash; 15 officers hurt |last1=Bacon |first1=John |last2=Welch |first2=William M. |work=USA Today |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/04/27/baltimore-credible-threat/26454875/ |quote=Police said more than two dozen people were arrested. The city's schools were canceled for Tuesday. |archive-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417222925/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/04/27/baltimore-credible-threat/26454875/ |url-status=live }} In addition, both the University of Maryland campus in downtown Baltimore and the Mondawmin Mall were closed early.{{cite news|title=National Guard Called Out in Baltimore as Police and Youths Clash After Funeral for Freddie Gray|last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|work=The New York Times|date=April 27, 2015|access-date=April 27, 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/a-call-for-peace-before-freddie-grays-funeral-in-baltimore.html|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140322/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/us/baltimore-freddie-gray.html|url-status=live}}
Protests also took place in other U.S. cities. In New York City, 143 people at Union Square were arrested on April 29, 2015, for blocking traffic and refusing to relocate. On the same day, outside the White House in Washington, D.C., nearly 500 protesters converged without an incident. In Denver, eleven people were arrested as protesters were involved in physical altercations with officers. Other protests in response to Gray's death took place in cities including Chicago,{{cite news|last1=Stein|first1=Isaac|title=Over 300 flock to East 63rd Street in solidarity with Baltimore protestors|url=https://chicagomaroon.com/20496/news/over-300-flock-to-east-63rd-street-in-solidarity-with-baltimore-protestors/ |date=May 1, 2015 |work=Chicago Maroon|access-date=May 2, 2015|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503145049/http://chicagomaroon.com/2015/05/01/over-300-flock-to-east-63rd-street-in-solidarity-with-baltimore-protestors/|url-status=live}} Minneapolis,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32525182|title=Freddie Gray protests in several US cities|work=BBC News|access-date=May 3, 2015|archive-date=May 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502235746/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32525182|url-status=live}} Miami,{{cite news |url=http://www.wkrg.com/story/28960675/evening-protest-of-freddie-gray-death-planned-in-miami-area|title=Evening protest of Freddie Gray death planned in Miami area|work=WKRG |access-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003622/http://www.wkrg.com/story/28960675/evening-protest-of-freddie-gray-death-planned-in-miami-area|archive-date=May 5, 2015|url-status=dead}} Philadelphia,{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/30/us/nationwide-freddie-gray-protests/ |first1=Ralph |last1=Ellis |first2=Ed |last2=Payne |first3=Pat |last3=St.Claire |title=In Philadelphia, Supporters of Baltimore Protests take to the Streets |date=April 30, 2015 |work=CNN |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503085450/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/30/us/nationwide-freddie-gray-protests|url-status=live}} Portland,{{cite news |date=May 1, 2015 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/today/2015/05/portland_may_day_protests_set.html |first=Nick |last=Budnick |title=Portland May Day Protests|work=The Oregonian|access-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503200908/http://www.oregonlive.com/today/index.ssf/2015/05/portland_may_day_protests_set.html|archive-date=May 3, 2015|url-status=live}} and Seattle.{{cite news|url=http://q13fox.com/2015/04/29/seattle-protesters-march-through-downtown-streets-for-freddie-gray/|title=Seattle protesters march through downtown streets for Baltimore's Freddie Gray|publisher=Fox 13 News|access-date=May 3, 2015|archive-date=May 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503214138/http://q13fox.com/2015/04/29/seattle-protesters-march-through-downtown-streets-for-freddie-gray/|url-status=live}}
On May 3, 2015, the National Guard began withdrawing from Baltimore,{{cite news |last=Caulderwood |first=Kathleen |date=May 3, 2015 |title=Baltimore Riots 2015 Update: Mayor Lifts Curfew, National Guard To Withdraw Soon, Sources Say |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/baltimore-riots-2015-update-mayor-lifts-curfew-national-guard-withdraw-soon-sources-1906438 |access-date=November 26, 2015 |work=International Business Times |archive-date=October 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012200510/http://www.ibtimes.com/baltimore-riots-2015-update-mayor-lifts-curfew-national-guard-withdraw-soon-sources-1906438 |url-status=live }} and the night curfew on the city was lifted.{{cite news |last1=Nuckols |first1=Ben |last2=Dishneau |first2=David |date=May 3, 2015 |title=Baltimore mayor lifts curfew 6 days after riots |url=https://news.yahoo.com/baltimore-relieved-charges-weary-curfew-064228534.html |access-date=November 19, 2015 |work=Yahoo News |archive-date=January 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003104/https://news.yahoo.com/baltimore-relieved-charges-weary-curfew-064228534.html |url-status=live }} The demobilizing process lasted three days, during which time the state of emergency remained in effect.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/baltimore-ends-curfew-freddie-gray-family-seeks-justice/|title=As Baltimore ends curfew, Gray family seeks justice|work=CBS News|access-date=May 4, 2015|archive-date=May 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504064358/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/baltimore-ends-curfew-freddie-gray-family-seeks-justice/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-national-guard-demobilizing-20150504-story.html|title=Last of National Guard troops to leave Baltimore|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 6, 2015|archive-date=May 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518152457/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-national-guard-demobilizing-20150504-story.html|url-status=live |first1=Jessica |last1=Anderson |first2=Ian |last2=Duncan }}
==Spike in Baltimore homicides==
In May 2015, there were 43 homicides in Baltimore, making it the deadliest month in 40 years{{cite news|last=Ritter|first=Rick|work=WJZ-TV|title=May The Deadliest Month in Baltimore in More Than 40 Years|date=June 1, 2015|url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2015/06/01/may-now-the-3rd-deadliest-month-in-baltimore-in-more-than-40-years/|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126095241/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2015/06/01/may-now-the-3rd-deadliest-month-in-baltimore-in-more-than-40-years/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Puente|first=Mark|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=Baltimore records deadliest month in more than 40 years|date=May 31, 2015|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-shootings-20150531-story.html|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126080614/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/blog/bs-md-ci-shootings-20150531-story.html|url-status=live}} behind August 1972 (45 homicides) and December 1971 (44 homicides). The monthly homicide rate fell to 29 in June 2015 but in July 2015, 45 murders were recorded, tying with the record in 1972.{{cite news|last1=Fenton|first1=Justin|last2=Jedra|first2=Christina|last3=Collins|first3=Mayah|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=45 murders in 31 days Looking back at Baltimore's deadliest month|date=August 29, 2015|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/investigations/bs-md-ci-july-homicide-victims-20150829-story.html|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126080617/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/investigations/bs-md-ci-july-homicide-victims-20150829-story.html|url-status=live}} Lt. Gene Ryan, president of Baltimore Fraternal Order of Police, said this was partly due to an increase of confidence among criminals in Baltimore. Then-police commissioner, Anthony Batts, blamed drugs looted from pharmacies during the riots for the spike in crime.{{cite news|last=Schaffer|first=Christian|work=WMAR-TV|title=Baltimore Police Commissioner: Drugs stolen during riots fueling increase in violent crime|date=June 3, 2015|url=http://www.abc2news.com/news/crime-checker/baltimore-city-crime/baltimore-police-commissioner-drugs-stolen-during-riots-fueling-increase-in-violent-crime|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126070300/http://www.abc2news.com/news/crime-checker/baltimore-city-crime/baltimore-police-commissioner-drugs-stolen-during-riots-fueling-increase-in-violent-crime|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last=Fantz|first=Ashley|work=CNN|title=In Baltimore, allegations of police doing less as drugs are rampant|date=June 5, 2015|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/04/us/baltimore-drugs-violence/index.html|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130062914/http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/04/us/baltimore-drugs-violence/index.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://time.com/3903020/baltimore-murder-rate-freddie-gray/|title=Baltimore Sees Worst Month for Homicides in 40 Years |first=Justin |last=Worland |access-date=June 1, 2015|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008140917/https://time.com/3903020/baltimore-murder-rate-freddie-gray/|url-status=live}}
The 2015 homicide total as of July 31 was 189 compared to 119 by the end of July 2014.{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/baltimore-killings-soar-level-unseen-43-years-184317889.html |title=Baltimore killings soar to a level unseen in 43 years |access-date=August 1, 2015 |last=Linderman |first=Juliet |work=Yahoo! News |date=July 31, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219191415/https://www.yahoo.com/news/baltimore-killings-soar-level-unseen-43-years-184317889.html?ref=gs |archive-date=December 19, 2016}} On August 3, in an attempt to solve the cases, Baltimore announced the Baltimore Federal Homicide Task Force. It was a partnership of the Baltimore police and five federal crime-fighting agencies. The agencies would{{according to whom|reason=WP:CRYSTAL. Future statements are only justifiable if certain (which this definitely isn't) or attributed to someone|date=January 2023}} each embed two agents with the Baltimore police to help investigate.{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/baltimore-calls-in-federal-agents-to-help-homicide-cops-deal-with-spike-in-violence |title=Baltimore calls in federal agents to help homicide cops deal with spike in violence |website=Fox News |date=August 4, 2015 |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-date=August 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806162938/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/08/04/baltimore-calls-in-federal-agents-to-help-homicide-cops-deal-with-spike-in/?intcmp=hpbt1 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/baltimore-homicide-spike-city-fed-partner-crime-32861741|title=Baltimore Homicide Uptick: Anti-Crime Partnership Launched|access-date=August 4, 2015|last=Linderman |first=Juliet|website=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803233655/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/baltimore-homicide-spike-city-fed-partner-crime-32861741|archive-date=August 3, 2015|url-status=dead}} On July 8, 2015, Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake fired Police Commissioner Anthony Batts, saying that his response to the death of Gray had become a distraction, while the police failed to prevent the spike in homicides.{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-batts-fired-20150708-story.html|title=Mayor fires Police Commissioner Batts|date=July 8, 2015|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=July 9, 2015|archive-date=July 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233304/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-batts-fired-20150708-story.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/baltimore-mayor-fires-police-commissioner-200136884.html|title=Baltimore mayor fires police commissioner amid homicide rise|date=July 9, 2015|work=Yahoo! News|access-date=January 14, 2017|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152314/http://news.yahoo.com/baltimore-mayor-fires-police-commissioner-200136884.html|url-status=live}}
Baltimore ended the year with 344 homicides, the second-highest total behind 1993, when 353 murders occurred. It was also the first time since 1999 that the city recorded at least 300 homicides within a calendar year.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
Settlement
On September 8, 2015, Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake announced that the city had reached a $6.4 million settlement with Gray's family. Rawlings-Blake said the settlement "should not be interpreted as a judgment on the guilt or innocence of the officers facing trial", but had been negotiated to avoid "costly and protracted litigation that would only make it more difficult for our city to heal".{{cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |title=Baltimore Announces $6.4 Million Settlement in the Death of Freddie Gray |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/us/freddie-gray-baltimore-police-death.html |access-date=January 30, 2016 |work=The New York Times |date=September 8, 2015}} The city offered a settlement before they were sued.{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Keith |title=Baltimore reaches settlement |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/baltimore-reaches-64-million-settlement-with-freddie-grays-family/2015/09/08/80b2c092-5196-11e5-8c19-0b6825aa4a3a_story.html |date=September 8, 2014 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=July 5, 2015 |archive-date=September 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909043254/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/baltimore-reaches-64-million-settlement-with-freddie-grays-family/2015/09/08/80b2c092-5196-11e5-8c19-0b6825aa4a3a_story.html |url-status=live}}
In popular culture
The death of Gray has been the subject of several songs. Prince recorded a song called "Baltimore" for his 2015 album Hit n Run Phase Two. The music video featured scenes from protests in response to Gray's death.{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Keith|title='HitnRUN Phase Two': An Oral History of Prince's Last Studio Album|url=https://www.vibe.com/featured/hitnrun-phase-two-an-oral-history-of-princes-last-studio-album/|work=Vibe|date=June 26, 2016|access-date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045722/https://www.vibe.com/featured/hitnrun-phase-two-an-oral-history-of-princes-last-studio-album/|url-status=live}} In May 2015, Salomon Faye released "Black Power", a music video on YouTube that shows rallies in the aftermath of Gray's death.{{cite news|last1=Salem-Mackall|first1=Theo|title=Brooklyn MC Salomon Faye documents the uprising in his 'Black Power' video|url=http://www.citypaper.com/music/bcpnews-brooklyn-mc-salomon-faye-documents-the-uprising-in-his-black-power-video-20150609-story.html|work=Baltimore City Paper|date=June 9, 2015|access-date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045118/http://www.citypaper.com/music/bcpnews-brooklyn-mc-salomon-faye-documents-the-uprising-in-his-black-power-video-20150609-story.html|url-status=dead}} Janelle Monáe and Wondaland released "Hell You Talmbout" in 2015 and said the names of those killed by the police, including Freddie Gray. Dru Hill dedicated their 2016 song "Change" to Gray.{{cite news|last1=Case|first1=Wesley|title=Drew Hill Releases Freddie Gray-inspired song, 'Change'|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/music/midnight-sun-blog/bal-hear-a-snippet-of-dru-hill-s-freddie-gray-inspired-song-change-20151201-htmlstory.html|work=Baltimore Sun|access-date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045522/http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/music/midnight-sun-blog/bal-hear-a-snippet-of-dru-hill-s-freddie-gray-inspired-song-change-20151201-htmlstory.html |date=December 1, 2015 |url-status=dead}} In 2016, Kevin Devine released a song called "Freddie Gray Blues" on his ninth studio album Instigator He then went on to release an acoustic version of the song in his 2017 album We Are Who We've Always Been. The avant-garde rock Baltimorean band Horse Lords close their 2016 album, Interventions, with the track "Never Ended", which is built on samples from protests in response to Gray's death. In 2016, Kevin Morby released "Beautiful Strangers", which addressed issues plaguing the world: gun violence, the death of Freddie Gray, and terrorist attacks in Orlando and Paris.{{cite web|last1=Sodomsky|first1=Sam|title=Tracks|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/18591-kevin-morby-beautiful-strangers/|website=Pitchfork|date=October 27, 2016|access-date=March 14, 2018|archive-date=March 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164036/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/18591-kevin-morby-beautiful-strangers/|url-status=live}} In 2017, jazz pianist Lafayette Gilchrist released a song called "Blues For Freddie Gray" on his New Urban World Blues record.{{cite news|last1=Harrell|first1=Phil|title=Lafayette Gilchrist Plays The 'Blues For Freddie Gray'|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/07/26/538512458/lafayette-gilchrist-plays-the-blues-for-freddie-gray|publisher=NPR|date=July 26, 2017|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075937/https://www.npr.org/2017/07/26/538512458/lafayette-gilchrist-plays-the-blues-for-freddie-gray|url-status=live}} Later the same year, singer-songwriter Eliot Bronson released "Rough Ride", a song about Gray.{{cite news|last1=Johns|first1=Myke|title=New Album Looks at Another Side of Atlanta Singer Eliot Bronson|url=http://news.wabe.org/post/new-album-looks-another-side-atlanta-singer-eliot-bronson|publisher=WABE 90.1|date=September 21, 2017|access-date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=September 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923234729/http://news.wabe.org/post/new-album-looks-another-side-atlanta-singer-eliot-bronson|url-status=live}} In May 2018, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks released a song entitled "Bike Lane" on their Sparkle Hard album. The song references the Freddie Gray case.{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/music/reviews/album-review-stephen-malkmus-the-jicks-sparkle-hard-1202816142/|title=Album Review: Stephen Malkmus & the Jicks' 'Sparkle Hard'|last=Aswad|first=Jem|date=May 18, 2018|work=Variety|access-date=May 23, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008141354/https://variety.com/2018/music/reviews/album-review-stephen-malkmus-the-jicks-sparkle-hard-1202816142/|url-status=live}}
In 2017, HBO produced Baltimore Rising, a documentary about Gray's death and the subsequent protests. Directed by Sonja Sohn, it charts the impact of the incident on the people of Baltimore.{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Sandy|title='Baltimore Rising' explores life after Freddie Gray|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/television/2017/07/28/baltimore-rising-explores-life-freddie-gray/104092402/|work=The Detroit News|agency=Associated Press|date=July 28, 2017|access-date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050704/http://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/television/2017/07/28/baltimore-rising-explores-life-freddie-gray/104092402/|url-status=live}}
In March 2017, the Undisclosed podcast launched a 16-part series entitled "The Killing of Freddie Gray" in which it reviewed the evidence, political atmosphere and circumstances around the death of Freddie Gray.{{Cite web|url=http://undisclosed-podcast.com/episodes/miniseries-2/|work=Undisclosed |title=The Killing of Freddie Gray |access-date=August 13, 2019|archive-date=October 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026110015/https://undisclosed-podcast.com/episodes/miniseries-2/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://theviolentink.blog/2017/07/27/the-ghost-of-freddie-gray-a-lynching-in-the-era-of-mass-surveillance/|title=The Ghost of Freddie Gray. A Lynching in the Era of Mass Surveillance.|last=rauldukeblog|date=July 27, 2017|website=The Violent Ink|language=en|access-date=August 13, 2019|archive-date=August 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813031347/https://theviolentink.blog/2017/07/27/the-ghost-of-freddie-gray-a-lynching-in-the-era-of-mass-surveillance/|url-status=dead}}
Gray's death and subsequent protest are featured in We Own This City, a six-hour long mini-series which premiered on HBO on April 25, 2022, that focuses on corruption within a Baltimore police task force.{{cite web |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/1032671/we-own-this-city-hbo-series-premiere-date-photos/ |title='We Own This City': HBO Teases Latest Project From 'The Wire' Team (PHOTOS) |website=TV Insider |first=Meaghan |last=Darwish |date=February 15, 2022 |access-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216064730/https://www.tvinsider.com/1032671/we-own-this-city-hbo-series-premiere-date-photos/ |url-status=live }} It is based on the book We Own This City: A True Story of Crime, Cops and Corruption by Justin Fenton.{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2021/07/01/pelecanos-we-own-this-city/|title=George Pelecanos Produces New HBO Series 'We Own This City'|last=Kalafatis|first=Joanna|date=July 1, 2020|website=Greek Reporter|language=en|access-date=July 29, 2020}}
Footage from the protests that followed Gray's killing is included in a 2025 music video https://vimeo.com/1066399381?share=copy "Baltimore" (In Four Movements" released by music industry icon, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3w-SsNlhhjU Dr. Samuel Waymon.
See also
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- List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
- List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, April 2015
- Police brutality in the United States
- Running while black
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- Death of Tyrone West (2013)
- Death of Sandra Bland (2015)
- Killing of Jeremy McDole (2015)
- Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr. (2018)
- George Floyd protests (2020)
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{{Portal|Maryland}}
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References
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Further reading
- {{Cite book |title=They Killed Freddie Gray: The Anatomy of a Police Brutality Cover-Up|last=Barron |first=Justine |year=2023 |publisher=Arcade Publishing |isbn=978-1950994250 }}
External links
- [https://time.com/3843870/marilyn-mosby-transcript-freddie-gray/ Transcript of Marilyn J. Mosby's statement on Freddie Gray]
- [https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bal-read-the-freddie-gray-autopsy-report-text-story.html Freddie Gray autopsy: excerpt from the report]
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{{Black Lives Matter}}
{{Baltimore Police Department}}
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Category:2015 controversies in the United States
Category:African-American history in Baltimore
Category:African-American-related controversies
Category:April 2015 in the United States
Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States
Category:Baltimore Police Department
Category:Civil rights protests in the United States
Category:Criminal trials that ended in acquittal
Category:Deaths by person in Maryland
Category:Race and crime in the United States
Category:Police brutality in the United States