kininogen 1

The KNG1 gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins: high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) and low-molecular-weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK in turn is cleaved by the enzyme kallikrein to produce bradykinin.

• KNG1 gene → low-molecular-weight kininogen (LMWK) protein (contains 427 amino acids) or high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) protein (644 amino acids)
• HMWK protein → bradykinin peptide (9 amino acids)

HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, bradykinin, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation.

Kininogen-1 is a constituent of the blood coagulation system as well as the kinin-kallikrein system.

• high-molecular-weight kininogen
• low-molecular-weight kininogen
• bradykinin

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Iarovaia GA | title = [Kallikrein-kinin system: novel facts and concepts (literature review)] | journal = Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 20–42 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11385996 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Matthews KW, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA | title = Carboxypeptidase N: a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation | journal = Molecular Immunology | volume = 40 | issue = 11 | pages = 785–93 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14687935 | doi = 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Scharfstein J, Schmitz V, Svensjö E, Granato A, Monteiro AC | title = Kininogens coordinate adaptive immunity through the proteolytic release of bradykinin, an endogenous danger signal driving dendritic cell maturation | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Immunology | volume = 66 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 128–36 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17635790 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01983.x | s2cid = 26080663 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Thompson RE, Mandle R, Kaplan AP | title = Studies of binding of prekallikrein and Factor XI to high molecular weight kininogen and its light chain | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 76 | issue = 10 | pages = 4862–6 | date = Oct 1979 | pmid = 291905 | pmc = 413037 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.76.10.4862 | bibcode = 1979PNAS...76.4862T | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kerbiriou DM, Griffin JH | title = Human high molecular weight kininogen. Studies of structure-function relationships and of proteolysis of the molecule occurring during contact activation of plasma | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 254 | issue = 23 | pages = 12020–7 | date = Dec 1979 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)86421-9 | pmid = 500690 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Colman RW, Bagdasarian A, Talamo RC, Scott CF, Seavey M, Guimaraes JA, Pierce JV, Kaplan AP | title = Williams trait. Human kininogen deficiency with diminished levels of plasminogen proactivator and prekallikrein associated with abnormalities of the Hageman factor-dependent pathways | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 56 | issue = 6 | pages = 1650–62 | date = Dec 1975 | pmid = 1202089 | pmc = 333144 | doi = 10.1172/JCI108247 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Gailani D, Broze GJ | title = Factor XI activation in a revised model of blood coagulation | journal = Science | volume = 253 | issue = 5022 | pages = 909–12 | date = Aug 1991 | pmid = 1652157 | doi = 10.1126/science.1652157 | bibcode = 1991Sci...253..909G | s2cid = 9262836 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Cheung PP, Cannizzaro LA, Colman RW | title = Chromosomal mapping of human kininogen gene (KNG) to 3q26----qter | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–6 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1733668 | doi = 10.1159/000133192 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Fong D, Smith DI, Hsieh WT | title = The human kininogen gene (KNG) mapped to chromosome 3q26-qter by analysis of somatic cell hybrids using the polymerase chain reaction | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 189–92 | date = Jun 1991 | pmid = 2066106 | doi = 10.1007/BF00204179 | s2cid = 30895313 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Schmaier AH, Kuo A, Lundberg D, Murray S, Cines DB | title = The expression of high molecular weight kininogen on human umbilical vein endothelial cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 31 | pages = 16327–33 | date = Nov 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37596-3 | pmid = 2460446 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Takagaki Y, Kitamura N, Nakanishi S | title = Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs for human high molecular weight and low molecular weight prekininogens. Primary structures of two human prekininogens | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 260 | issue = 14 | pages = 8601–9 | date = Jul 1985 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39515-7 | pmid = 2989293 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kitamura N, Kitagawa H, Fukushima D, Takagaki Y, Miyata T, Nakanishi S | title = Structural organization of the human kininogen gene and a model for its evolution | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 260 | issue = 14 | pages = 8610–7 | date = Jul 1985 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39516-9 | pmid = 2989294 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ishiguro H, Higashiyama S, Namikawa C, Kunimatsu M, Takano E, Tanaka K, Ohkubo I, Murachi T, Sasaki M | title = Interaction of human calpains I and II with high molecular weight and low molecular weight kininogens and their heavy chain: mechanism of interaction and the role of divalent cations | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 26 | issue = 10 | pages = 2863–70 | date = May 1987 | pmid = 3038169 | doi = 10.1021/bi00384a030 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Vogel R, Assfalg-Machleidt I, Esterl A, Machleidt W, Müller-Esterl W | title = Proteinase-sensitive regions in the heavy chain of low molecular weight kininogen map to the inter-domain junctions | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 25 | pages = 12661–8 | date = Sep 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37804-9 | pmid = 3045123 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Maeda H, Matsumura Y, Kato H | title = Purification and identification of [hydroxyprolyl3]bradykinin in ascitic fluid from a patient with gastric cancer | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 31 | pages = 16051–4 | date = Nov 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37555-0 | pmid = 3182782 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kato H, Matsumura Y, Maeda H | title = Isolation and identification of hydroxyproline analogues of bradykinin in human urine | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 232 | issue = 1 | pages = 252–4 | date = May 1988 | pmid = 3366244 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80427-7 | s2cid = 32363670 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1988FEBSL.232..252K }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kellermann J, Lottspeich F, Henschen A, Müller-Esterl W | title = Completion of the primary structure of human high-molecular-mass kininogen. The amino acid sequence of the entire heavy chain and evidence for its evolution by gene triplication | journal = European Journal of Biochemistry | volume = 154 | issue = 2 | pages = 471–8 | date = Jan 1986 | pmid = 3484703 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09421.x | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kellermann J, Thelen C, Lottspeich F, Henschen A, Vogel R, Müller-Esterl W | title = Arrangement of the disulphide bridges in human low-Mr kininogen | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 247 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–21 | date = Oct 1987 | pmid = 3689342 | pmc = 1148362 | doi = 10.1042/bj2470015}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Warn-Cramer BJ, Bajaj SP | title = Stoichiometry of binding of high molecular weight kininogen to factor XI/XIa | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 133 | issue = 2 | pages = 417–22 | date = Dec 1985 | pmid = 3936495 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(85)90922-2 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Lottspeich F, Kellermann J, Henschen A, Foertsch B, Müller-Esterl W | title = The amino acid sequence of the light chain of human high-molecular-mass kininogen | journal = European Journal of Biochemistry | volume = 152 | issue = 2 | pages = 307–14 | date = Oct 1985 | pmid = 4054110 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09199.x | doi-access = free }}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/labmed/lab/coag/handbook/CO002500.htm LMWK laboratory information]

{{Coagulation}}

{{Autacoids}}

Category:Coagulation system

Category:Kinin–kallikrein system

Category:Cofactors