kogin-zashi
{{Short description|Japanese traditional textile craft}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
File:Various kogin-zashi items.jpg featuring {{transl|ja|kogin-zashi}} patterns]]
{{Nihongo||こぎん刺し|Kogin-zashi}} is one of the techniques of {{transl|ja|sashiko}}, or traditional Japanese decorative reinforcement stitching, that originated in the part of present-day Aomori Prefecture controlled by the Tsugaru clan during the Edo period (1603-1867). It is also referred to as {{transl|ja|sashi-kogin}}.
{{transl|ja|Kogin-zashi}} is generally constructed of white cotton embroidery in diamond patterns on indigo-dyed fabrics such as cotton, linen and hemp. During the Edo period, peasants were not permitted to wear cotton cloth in the Tsugaru region, so cotton thread was added to linen cloth with the aim of bypassing these regulations and making clothes warmer and more protective during the harsh winter weather, as well as strengthening the cloth.
History
File:Kogin patterns from Ouminzu.jpg
During the Edo period, peasants were not permitted to wear cotton cloth in the Tsugaru region. Peasants initially attempted to stay warm by wearing multiple layers of linen, but the fabric frayed easily. As a solution, cotton thread was added as embroidery to linen cloth with the aim of bypassing the regulations and making clothes more protective during the harsh winter weather, as well as strengthening the cloth.{{cite web |title=Koginzashi embroidery |url=https://www.ana-cooljapan.com/destinations/aomori/koginzashiembroidery |publisher=All Nippon Airways |access-date=2019-12-31}}
Later, during the Meiji period (1868-1912), the class system was abolished. This enabled the use of cotton in clothing for everyone in the former holdings of the Tsugaru, and embroidering dyed indigo cloth with white cotton thread became more common. As the access to materials increased, competition to design the most beautiful patterns rose, with an estimate of over 300 different {{transl|ja|kogin-zashi}} patterns being created.
In the 20th century, the craft of {{transl|ja|kogin-zashi}} was streamlined, establishing the three general types that are seen today: {{transl|ja|nishi-kogin}}, {{transl|ja|higashi-kogin}}, and {{transl|ja|mishima-kogin}}.{{cite web|title="Kogin" embroidery - Aomori's Traditional Handicrafts |url= https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/%E2%80%9Ckogin%E2%80%9D-embroidery/PwLS55VaVTzcJA | work=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=30 December 2019}} The Hirosaki Koginzashi Institute has sought to preserve and promote {{transl|ja|kogin-zashi}} since the 1960s.
In 1996, {{transl|ja|kogin-zashi}} was given the status of a traditional craft item of Aomori Prefecture.{{cite web|title=History of Company|url=http://tsugaru-kogin.jp/en/ayumi/|date=2017|access-date=18 November 2019 | work = Hirosaki Kogin Laboratory}} In the present-day, elementary school students in Aomori Prefecture learn how to hand-stitch the pattern.{{cite web|title=北欧っぽい雰囲気が人気！こぎん刺しでかわいい幾何学模様のしおり作り|url=https://co-trip.jp/article/318192/|language=ja|date=23 December 2018|access-date=15 November 2019 | work = co-trip.jp| trans-title = Scandinavian atmosphere is popular! Make cute geometric pattern bookmarks with sashimi}}
Variations
={{transl|ja|Nishi-kogin}}=
The {{transl|ja|nishi-kogin}} pattern originated in the area west of the city of Hirosaki. Stripes placed on the shoulders of clothing are arranged in a horizontal pattern. This was done to increase their strength while carrying goods over the shoulder.{{cite web|title=3つのこぎん刺し|url=https://kogin.net/rekishi2.html | trans-title = Three stabs |language=ja|access-date=15 November 2019 | work = kogin.net}}
={{transl|ja|Higashi-kogin}}=
The {{transl|ja|higashi-kogin}} pattern originated in the area east of the city of Hirosaki, in today's Minamitsugaru District. It lacks the stripes that are seen in the other two varieties and uses mostly diamond shapes.
={{transl|ja|Mishima-kogin}}=
The {{transl|ja|mishima-kogin}} pattern originated in the area north of the city of Hirosaki. The area was not as well-off as other parts of the Tsugaru region, suffering from poor harvests caused by the earlier onset of the harsh winter. As a result, patterns were smaller than seen in other areas due to the lack of material. Horizontal stripes are used, though not as heavily as seen in {{transl|ja|nishi-kogin}} patterns.
See also
{{Portal|Japan|Clothing}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Kogin-zashi}}
- {{cite web |title=Kogin-zashi |url=http://tohoku-standard.jp/en/standard/aomori/koginzashi/ |website=Tohoku Standard}}
- {{cite web |title=Kogin Zashi Technique |url=https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/east-asia/japan/kogin-zashi-technique|website=Textile Research Centre }}
{{Embroidery}}
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Category:Culture in Aomori Prefecture