kolt
{{About|the ornament|other uses}}
File:Klad desyatinnaya.jpg, a chain of medallions, found in 1842 in or near the Church of the Tithes in Kiev). Cloisonné enamel on Gold. 12th century.]]
File:Kolty Nizovka.jpg. 12th century.]]
Kolt or kolty was a part of a female headgear, hanging on a ryasna at both temples as a sign of family's wealth, common in 11th-13th centuries in Old Rus'. It comprised a pair of metal pieces, joined to form a hollow medallion or star that, presumably, contained a piece of cloth, impregnated with fragrances.
Origin
The origin of the word “kolt” is obscure. As a term, it was introduced in the late 19th century in the course of ethnographic surveys. According to a version it derived from the {{langx|uk|ковтки}}, meaning 'earrings',Б. Д. Гринченко. Словарь украинского языка, К., 1908, т. 2, с. 262 (in Russian) also in West-Ukrainian dialects “колток”.А. А. Зализняк. Древненовгородский диалект. М., 2004, с. 268 (in Russian) In a Novgorod dialect the word “колтки” means pendants of earrings, it was also mentioned in birch bark document No. 644, found in Novgorod, dating back to Novgorod Republic.
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book
|author= Pekarskaja, Ljudmila V.
|title= Treasures from Ancient Kiev in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Dumbarton Oaks
|edition = Metropolitan Museum Journal
|volume = 32
|location= New York
|year= 1997
|pages= 65–75
}}
- {{cite book
|author= Рыбаков, Б. А.
|publisher= Аврора
|location= Leningrad
|year= 1971
|title= Декоративно-прикладное искусство Руси X-XIII веков
|url= http://www.silverwolf.lviv.ua/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-18-page-1.htm
|language= ru
|access-date= 2012-03-20
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131011060335/http://www.silverwolf.lviv.ua/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-18-page-1.htm
|archive-date= 2013-10-11
|url-status= dead
}}
- {{cite book
|author= Жилина, Н. В.
|title= Древнерусские звездчатые колты (схема развития)
|edition = Научные чтения памяти В. М. Василенко
|issue = 1
|location= Moscow
|year= 1997
|pages= 140–150
| language = ru
}}
- {{cite book
|author= Ляусік Н.А.
|title= Ціснёныя колты са збораў ГДГАМ
|url= http://www.museum-grodno.by/pages/kolty.html
|archive-url= https://archive.today/20131205135347/http://www.museum-grodno.by/pages/kolty.html
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 2013-12-05
|edition= Краязнаўчыя запіскі. Вып. 6
|location= Grodno
|year= 2003
|pages= 3–5
|language= Belarusian
}}
External links
{{Commons category|Kolty}}
- [http://textplay.net/pages/0015.htm a kolt in the collection of Kremlin Armory Chamber, Moscow]
- [http://www.kreml.ru/en/picture/?id=7735&lang=en a star-shaped kolt in the collection of Kremlin Armory Chamber, Moscow]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120131163157/http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_2_14.html a circular kolt in the collection of the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg]
- [https://archive.today/20121209030426/http://brokm.vbreste.by/images/stories/1/bk.jpg a circular silver kolt found in the Berestye archeological site, Belarus, featuring a seed with sprouts]