leaf wetness
Leaf wetness is a meteorological parameter that describes the amount of dew and precipitation left on surfaces. It is used for monitoring leaf moisture for agricultural purposes, such as fungus and disease control, for control of irrigation systems, and for detection of fog and dew conditions, and early detection of rainfall.[http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pp/faculty/seem/magarey/leafwet/ The Leaf Surface Wetness Duration Home Page], Cornell University
Leaf wetness may be measured by various means:[http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pp/faculty/seem/magarey/leafwet/types.html Types of sensors], The Leaf Surface Wetness Duration Home Page[http://www.campbellsci.com/leaf-wetness Some leaf wetness sensors], Campbell Scientific
- By change in electrical resistance between two metal conductors in an alternate finger[http://www.davisnet.com/weather/products/weather_product.asp?pnum=06420 Resistance type sensor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102165256/http://davisnet.com/weather/products/weather_product.asp?pnum=06420 |date=2010-11-02 }}, Davis Instruments or double spiral[http://www.ictinternational.com.au/leafwetness.htm Double spiral configuration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050619094220/http://ictinternational.com.au/leafwetness.htm |date=2005-06-19 }}, ICT International configuration on a flat surface, either flat or cylindrical.A comparison of cylindrical and flat plate sensors for surface wetness duration: Gillespie T.J., Duan R.X., 1987. Agric For Meteorol 40: 61-70. The conductors are usually gold plated for corrosion resistance. An issue with this method is that measurements depend on droplets being large enough to bridge the gap between the conductors. A surface coating of for instance hygroscopic latex paint may be applied for more consistent results.[http://www.decagon.com/education/do-you-measure-leaf-wetness/ Do you measure leaf wetness?], Decagon DevicesEffects of coating, deployment angle, and compass orientation on performance of electronic wetness sensors during dew periods: Lau, Y.F., Gleason, M.L., Zriba, N., Taylor, S.E., Hinz, P.N., 2000. Plant Disease 84:192-197.Electronic leaf wetness duration sensor: why it should be painted: Sentelhas, P.C., Monteiro, J.E., Gillespie, T.J., 2004. Int J Biometeorol 48: 202-205. Resistance measurement is often by alternating current excitation.[http://www.emesystems.com/lwet_dat.htm Leaf Wetness Sensor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726174400/http://emesystems.com/lwet_dat.htm |date=2017-07-26 }}, LWET
- By measuring the change in the dielectric constant of the surface of a sensor, thus detecting the presence of water or ice on the sensor's surface.[http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/manuals/lws.pdf Dielectric Leaf Wetness Sensor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708113009/http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/manuals/lws.pdf |date=2011-07-08 }}, Campbell Scientific
- A sensor with hygroscopic properties where a change in sensor length or weight can be measured mechanically.