leiomyoma

{{main|Uterine fibroids}}

Image:leiomyoma.jpg

File:Colonic_leiomyoma,_low_mag.jpg

File:Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma.jpg for β-catenin in uterine leiomyoma, which is negative as there is only staining of cytoplasm but not of cell nuclei. This is a consistent finding, which helps in distinguishing such tumors from β-catenin positive spindle cell tumors.{{cite journal| author=El Sabeh M, Saha SK, Afrin S, Islam MS, Borahay MA| title=Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in uterine leiomyoma: role in tumor biology and targeting opportunities. | journal=Mol Cell Biochem | year= 2021 | volume= 476 | issue= 9 | pages= 3513-3536 | pmid=33999334 | doi=10.1007/s11010-021-04174-6 | pmc=9235413 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33999334 }} ]]

Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the uterine smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are benign, but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), often cause anemia and may lead to infertility.

A rare form of these tumors is uterine lipoleiomyoma—benign tumors consisting of a mixture of adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. Uterine lipoleiomyomata have been observed together with ovarian and other pathologies and some of them may develop into liposarcoma.{{Cite journal | last1 = Pedeutour | first1 = F. | last2 = Quade | first2 = B. J. | last3 = Sornberger | first3 = K. | last4 = Tallini | first4 = G. | last5 = Ligon | first5 = A. H. | last6 = Weremowicz | first6 = S. | last7 = Morton | first7 = C. C. | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(200002)27:2<209::AID-GCC14>3.0.CO;2-U | title = Dysregulation ofHMGIC in a uterine lipoleiomyoma with a complex rearrangement including chromosomes 7, 12, and 14 | journal = Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 209–215 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10612811 | s2cid = 25287681 }}{{Cite journal | last1 = McDonald | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Cin | first2 = P. D. | last3 = Ganguly | first3 = A. | last4 = Campbell | first4 = S. | last5 = Imai | first5 = Y. | last6 = Rosenberg | first6 = A. E. | last7 = Oliva | first7 = E. | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820414f7 | title = Liposarcoma Arising in Uterine Lipoleiomyoma | journal = The American Journal of Surgical Pathology | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 221–227 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21263242 | s2cid = 25445426 }} These tumors are monoclonal, and non-random chromosomal abnormalities have been seen in 40% of the tumors.

Mesenchymal neoplasms of the gallbladder are rare and in particular leiomyomas of the gallbladder have been rarely reported, all of them in patients with immune system disorders. However, a case was reported in absence of associated immunodeficiency at Monash Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, in a healthy 39-year-old woman with no symptoms.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.4321/S1130-01082012000700009 | last1 = Segura-Sampedro | first1 = J. J. | last2 = Alamo-Martínez | first2 = J. M. | last3 = Cañete-Gómez | first3 = J. | last4 = Suárez-Artacho | first4 = G. | last5 = González-Cantón | first5 = J. R. | last6 = Gómez-Bravo | first6 = M. Á. | last7 = Padillo-Ruiz | first7 = F. J. | title = Gallbladder leiomyoma in absence of immune system disorders: An unusual diagn | journal = Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas | volume = 104 | issue = 7 | pages = 382–384 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22849501| doi-access = free }}

Leiomyomas of the skin are generally (1) acquired, and (2) divided into several categories:{{cite book |author1=Freedberg, Irwin M. |author2=Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. |title=Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division |location=New York |year=2003 |page=1033 |isbn=0-07-138076-0 |edition=6th }}{{cite book |author1=Odom, Richard B. |author2=Davidsohn, Israel |author3=James, William D. |author4=Henry, John Bernard |author5=Berger, Timothy G. |author6=Dirk M. Elston |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology |url=https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseasess00mdwi_659 |url-access=limited |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseasess00mdwi_659/page/n637 627] |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |edition=10th}}

• Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma
• Multiple cutaneous (or pilar) leiomyomas arising from the arrectores pilorum muscles
• Angioleiomyomas (vascular leiomyomas) that are thought to arise from vascular smooth muscle
• Dartoic (or genital) leiomyomas originating in the dartos muscles of the genitalia, areola, and nipple
• Angiolipoleiomyoma

Leiomyoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of esophagus and second most common benign tumor of the small bowel (with gastrointestinal stromal tumor as most common).Radiologic Pathology Archives: Esophageal Neoplasms: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Rachel B. Lewis, Anupamjit K. Mehrotra, Pablo Rodriguez, and Marc S. Levine. RadioGraphics 2013 33:4, 1083-1108. Accessed 2017-07-08 Although leiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal tumor, malignant carcinoma is still 50 times more likely.Radiologic Pathology Archives: Esophageal Neoplasms: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Rachel B. Lewis, Anupamjit K. Mehrotra, Pablo Rodriguez, and Marc S. Levine. RadioGraphics 2013 33:4, 1083-1108. Accessed 2017-07-08 Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.{{cite web | author=Michael P. Buetow, M.D. | title=Leiomyoma of Jejunum | url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/case/case.asp?ID=88&SubCatID=97&CatID=43&ThreadID= | publisher=Applied Radiology Online | access-date=2007-03-21 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927031800/http://www.appliedradiology.com/case/case.asp?ID=88&SubCatID=97&CatID=43&ThreadID= | archive-date=2007-09-27 }}

• Metastatic leiomyoma are an extremely rare complication after surgery to remove the uterus for uterine fibroids. The most frequent sites of occurrence are the lungs and pelvis. The lesions are hormonally responsive.{{Cite journal| last1 = Patton | first1 = K.| last2 = Cheng | first2 = L.| last3 = Papavero | first3 = V.| last4 = Blum | first4 = M.| last5 = Yeldandi | first5 = A.| last6 = Adley | first6 = B.| last7 = Luan | first7 = C.| last8 = Diaz | first8 = L.| last9 = Hui | first9 = P.| last10 = Yang | first10 = X. J.| title = Benign metastasizing leiomyoma: clonality, telomere length and clinicopathologic analysis| journal = Modern Pathology | volume = 19| issue = 1| pages = 130–140| year = 2006| pmid = 16357844| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3800504| doi-access = }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Beck | first1 = M. M. | last2 = Biswas | first2 = B. | last3 = d'Souza | first3 = A. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = R. | title = Benign metastasising leiomyoma after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | journal = Hong Kong medical [Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine] | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 153–155 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22477740}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Rivera | first1 = J. A. | last2 = Christopoulos | first2 = S. | last3 = Small | first3 = D. | last4 = Trifiro | first4 = M. | title = Hormonal Manipulation of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyomas: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature | doi = 10.1210/jc.2003-032021 | journal = Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | volume = 89 | issue = 7 | pages = 3183–3188 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15240591 | doi-access = free }}
• Fibromyoma of the breast is an extremely rare benign breast neoplasm. Most reports in literature mention a history of hysterectomy for uterine fibroids, although the question of whether these fibromyomas are possibly metastases of the uterine fibroids has not been investigated. An alternative hypothesis is an origin from the smooth muscle of the nipple.
• Leiomyoma may spontaneously occur in any muscle. Depending on the location of the tumor, identification may not be timely until overall mass becomes undeniably noticeable. The symptoms for a 30-year-old male with a 10 cm leiomyoma included "dead leg" pains. Tumor was intertwined with quadriceps muscles, making identification and excision difficult. Tumor was successfully excised with only minor rehabilitation required.{{Cite journal |last=Bulmer |first=J. H. |title=Smooth Muscle Tumours of the Limbs |date=February 1967 |url=https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.49B1.52 |journal=The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume |language=en |volume=49-B |issue=1 |pages=52–58 |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.49B1.52 |issn=0301-620X|url-access=subscription }}

• Associated with papillary variant of renal cell carcinoma and multiple cutaneous leiomyoma. Defect is in the fumarate hydratase gene in the long arm of chromosome 1.

• Leiomyosarcoma
• Elagolix/estradiol/norethindrone acetate

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{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB =

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|21||d|21}}, {{ICD10|D|25||d|25}} (ILDS D21.M40)

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|218}}

| ICDO = {{ICDO|8890|0}}-8894

| OMIM =

| MedlinePlus = dostinex

| eMedicineSubj =

| eMedicineTopic =

| MeshID = D007889

}}

• {{EMedicine|med|738|Esophageal Leiomyoma}}

{{Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology}}

{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths

Category:Anatomical pathology

Category:Benign neoplasms