levator palpebrae superioris muscle

The levator palpebrae superioris originates from inferior surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic foramen. It broadens and decreases in thickness (becomes thinner) and becomes the levator aponeurosis. This portion inserts on the skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the superior tarsal plate. It is a skeletal muscle. The superior tarsal muscle, a smooth muscle, is attached to the levator palpebrae superioris, and inserts on the superior tarsal plate as well.

The levator palebrae superioris receives its blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery, specifically, muscular branches and the supraorbital artery. Blood is drained into the superior ophthalmic vein.

The levator palpebrae superioris receives motor innervation from the superior division of the oculomotor nerve.{{Cite book|title=Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice|year=2016|isbn=9780702052309|editor=Standring, Susan|edition=41st|location=Philadelphia|page=670|chapter="Extraocular muscles: levator palpebrae superioris"|oclc=920806541}}{{Citation|title=Chapter 1 - OCULOPLASTICS|date=2008-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978141602572650006X|work=Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology|pages=1–54|editor-last=Jackson|editor-first=Timothy L.|place=Edinburgh|publisher=Mosby|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-1-4160-2572-6.50006-x|isbn=978-1-4160-2572-6|s2cid=241607885 |access-date=2020-11-11}} The smooth muscle that originates from its undersurface, called the superior tarsal muscle is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion.

The levator palpebrae superioris elevates the upper eyelid.

Damage to this muscle or its innervation can cause ptosis, which is drooping of the eyelid.{{Citation|last=Trobe|first=Jonathan D.|title=Section 13 - Eyelid Disorders|date=2008-01-01|work=Neuro-ophthalmology|pages=229–239|editor-last=Trobe|editor-first=Jonathan D.|place=Edinburgh|publisher=Mosby|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-04456-1.50016-9|isbn=978-0-323-04456-1|doi-access=free}}{{Citation|last1=Hejtmancik|first1=J. F.|title=Chapter 19 - Vision|date=2017-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128023815000312|work=Conn's Translational Neuroscience|pages=399–438|editor-last=Conn|editor-first=P. Michael|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-802381-5.00031-2|isbn=978-0-12-802381-5|access-date=2020-11-11|last2=Cabrera|first2=P.|last3=Chen|first3=Y.|last4=M’Hamdi|first4=O.|last5=Nickerson|first5=J. M.}} Lesions in CN III can cause ptosis, because without stimulation from the oculomotor nerve the levator palpebrae cannot oppose the force of gravity, and the eyelid droops.

Ptosis can also result from damage to the adjoining superior tarsal muscle or its sympathetic innervation. Such damage to the sympathetic supply occurs in Horner's syndrome and presents as a partial ptosis. It is important to distinguish between these two very different causes of ptosis. This can usually be done clinically without issue, as each type of ptosis is accompanied by other distinct clinical findings.

The ptosis seen in paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris is usually more pronounced than that seen due to paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle.

File:Gray893.png|Sagittal section through the upper eyelid.

File:Trochlear and frontal nerves.jpg|Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

File:Slide16aa.JPG|Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

File:Slide1abaa.JPG|Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

File:Slide3abab.JPG|Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

{{Anatomy-terms}}

• Blepharospasm
• Ptosis
• Superior tarsal muscle

{{Reflist}}

• {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|29|01|01}}
• {{NormanAnatomy|lesson3}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|orbit2}})

{{Muscles of head}}

{{Orbital anatomy}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Muscles of the head and neck

Category:Human eye anatomy