lipidome

{{short description|Totality of lipids in cells}}

{{see also|Lipidomics}}

File:Metabolomics schema.png and the total interactome of a cell.]]

File:Flexibility of a eukaryotic lipidome - insights from yeast lipidomics-Klose, Surma 2012 fig3A.svg Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different phases of growth.{{cite journal|last1=Klose|first1=C|last2=Surma|first2=MA.|last3=Gerl|first3=MJ.|last4=Meyenhofer|first4=F|last5=Shevchenko|first5=A|last6=Simons|first6=K|title=Flexibility of a Eukaryotic Lipidome – Insights from Yeast Lipidomics|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=4|date=April 2012|pages=e35063|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0035063|pmid=22529973|pmc=3329542|bibcode=2012PLoSO...735063K|doi-access=free}}]]

The lipidome refers to the totality of lipids in cells. Lipids are one of the four major molecular components of biological organisms, along with proteins, sugars and nucleic acids. Lipidome is a term coined in the context of omics in modern biology, within the field of lipidomics.{{cite journal |vauthors=Quehenberger O, Armando AM, Brown AH, etal |title=Lipidomics reveals a remarkable diversity of lipids in human plasma |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages=3299–305 |date=November 2010 |pmid=20671299 |doi=10.1194/jlr.M009449 |doi-access=free |pmc=2952570}} It can be studied using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics as well as traditional lab-based methods.{{cite journal

|author1=Subramaniam S |author2=Fahy E |author3=Gupta S |author4=Sud M |author5=Byrnes R.W |author6=Cotter D |author7=Dinasarapu A.R |author8=Maurya M.R |title=Bioinformatics and Systems Biology of the Lipidome

|journal=Chemical Reviews

|volume=111

|issue=10

|pages=6452–6490

|year=2011

|doi=10.1021/cr200295k

|pmid=21939287

|pmc=3383319

}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Seppänen-Laakso T, Oresic M |title=How to study lipidomes |journal=J. Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=185–90 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19060177 |doi=10.1677/JME-08-0150 |doi-access=free }} The lipidome of a cell can be subdivided into the membrane-lipidome and mediator-lipidome.{{cite web|title=Lipidomics|url=http://premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/lipidomics.html|publisher=BioSoft|access-date=7 May 2011}}

The first cell lipidome to be published was that of a mouse macrophage in 2010.{{cite web|title=First Functioning 'Lipidome' of Mouse Macrophage Described|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101201142514.htm|publisher=ScienceDaily|access-date=7 May 2011}} The lipidome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been characterised with an estimated 95% coverage;{{cite journal |vauthors=Ejsing CS, Sampaio JL, Surendranath V, etal |title=Global analysis of the yeast lipidome by quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=106 |issue=7 |pages=2136–41 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19174513 |pmc=2650121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0811700106 |doi-access=free }} studies of the human lipidome are ongoing. For example, the human plasma lipidome consist of almost 600 distinct molecular species.{{Cite journal|last1=Quehenberger|first1=Oswald|last2=Dennis|first2=Edward A.|date=2011-11-10|title=The human plasma lipidome|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=365|issue=19|pages=1812–1823|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1104901|issn=1533-4406|pmc=3412394|pmid=22070478}} Research suggests that the lipidome of an individual may be able to indicate cancer risks associated with dietary fats, particularly breast cancer.{{cite journal |vauthors=Bougnoux P, Hajjaji N, Couet C |title=The lipidome as a composite biomarker of the modifiable part of the risk of breast cancer |journal=Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids |volume=79 |issue=3–5 |pages=93–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18930643 |doi=10.1016/j.plefa.2008.09.004 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Bougnoux P, Giraudeau B, Couet C |title=Diet, cancer, and the lipidome |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=416–21 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16537692 |pmc=2755770 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0546 |url= http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00068759/document}}