lobelia dortmanna
{{Short description|Species of aquatic plant}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Lobelia dortmanna full.jpg
|image_caption = Plants in pond habitat
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|genus = Lobelia
|species = dortmanna
|authority = L.
}}
Lobelia dortmanna, Dortmann's cardinalflower{{PLANTS|id=LODO|taxon=Lobelia dortmanna|accessdate=22 June 2015}} or water lobelia, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This stoloniferous herbaceous perennial aquatic plant with basal leaf-rosettes and flower stalks grows to {{convert|0.7-2|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. The flowers are 1–2 cm long, with a five-lobed white to pale pink or pale blue corolla, produced in groups of one to ten on an erect raceme held above the water surface. The fruit is a capsule 5–10 mm long and 3–5 mm wide, containing numerous small seeds.BorealForest: [http://www.borealforest.org/world/herbs_shrubs/water_lobelia.htm Lobelia dortmanna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193757/http://www.borealforest.org/world/herbs_shrubs/water_lobelia.htm |date=23 September 2015 }}Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. {{ISBN|0-340-40170-2}}
The leaves are almost cylindrical, blunt, 2.5–7.5 cm long and evergreen. They have no functional stomata.Sculthorpe, C.D. (1967). The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Reprinted 1985 Edward Arnold, by London. p. 114. It is one of several unrelated species of plants from low nutrient lakes known as isoetids, owing to their superficial similarity to Isoetes. The leaves of Lobelia dortmanna are, however, easily distinguishable from those of other isoetids in having only two air-canals (Isoetes having four and most others several) and in the presence of milky sap.Keddy, P.A. (2010) Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. p. 26 The plant has the unusual ability of removing carbon dioxide from the rooting zone rather than from the atmosphere.Wium-Andersen, S. (1971). Photosynthetic uptake of free CO2 by the roots of Lobelia dortmanna. Plantarum, 25, 245–8.{{Cite journal|title = Diel Pulses of O2 and CO2 in Sandy Lake Sediments Inhabited by Lobelia Dortmanna|jstor = 1938155|journal = Ecology|volume = 76|issue = 5|doi = 10.2307/1938155|first1 = Ole|last1 = Pedersen|first2 = Kaj|last2 = Sand-Jensen|first3 = Niels Peter|last3 = Revsbech|year = 1995|pages = 1536–1545| bibcode=1995Ecol...76.1536P }}
Distribution
Lobelia dortmanna is native to cool temperate regions of northern Europe (from the British Isles and northwest France to northwest Russia) and northern North America (both coasts; Newfoundland south to New Jersey and west to the Great Lakes in the east, and British Columbia south to Oregon in the west). It reaches its northern limit in northern Norway, north of the Arctic circle. Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lobelia&SPECIES_XREF=dortmanna&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Lobelia dortmanna]{{GRIN | accessdate = 10 January 2018}}
Ecology
The plant typically occurs in shallow water on sandy, peaty or rocky lakeshores, in pools, and in some kinds of wetlands. It is rarely found in rivers. Low water periods may leave it temporarily emersed, although it is sensitive to prolonged emersion and is one of the first species to be lost when water levels in lakes are artificially managed.{{Cn|date=May 2021}}
Lobelia dortmanna has relatively low competitive abilityGaudet, C.L. and Keddy, P.A. (1988) A comparative approach to predicting competitive ability from plant traits. Nature, 334, 242–3. and tends to be restricted to areas with low plant cover and relatively low rates of sedimentation at depths of less than 1 metre.Pearsall, W. H. (1920). The aquatic vegetation of the English Lakes. Journal of Ecology, 8, 163–201. It often grows with other isoetids such as Littorella uniflora, Isoetes lacustris, Isoetes echinospora and Subularia aquatica. It is regarded as an indicator of infertile and relatively pristine shoreline wetlands.Moore, D.R.J., Keddy, P.A., Gaudet, C.L., and Wisheu, I.C. (1989) Conservation of wetlands: do infertile wetlands deserve a higher priority? Biological Conservation, 47, 203–17. Consequently, it is a species that can be put at risk by eutrophicationKeddy, P.A. (2010) Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. p. 409 and is used as an indicator species of relatively clear water and the possible occurrence of other less obvious isoetid species.{{cite web|title=Lobelia dortmanna|publisher=Washington State Department of Natural Resources|url= https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/amp_nh_lodo.pdf|access-date=2020-04-19}} Such lakes are therefore often referred to as Lobelian lakes, as a specific habitat. Scientifically, such aquatic environments are designated as habitat type 3130: "Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea". In Europe, Lobelian lakes are relatively abundant in the more mountainous areas.[http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/habitat.asp?FeatureIntCode=H3130 Habitat account - Freshwater habitats], Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC)
Gallery
{{portal|Lakes}}
Image:Lobelia dortmanna flower2.jpg|Flowers
Image:Illustration Legousia speculum-veneris0.jpg|Illustration (plant on right)
File:PNBT Gacno Wielkie z lobelią jeziorną 03.07.10 p.jpg|A Lobelian lake
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons|Lobelia dortmanna}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158068}}