locally catenative sequence

In mathematics, a locally catenative sequence is a sequence of words in which each word can be constructed as the concatenation of previous words in the sequence.{{cite book

| last = Rozenberg

| first = Grzegorz

|author2=Salomaa, Arto

| title = Handbook of Formal Languages

| publisher = Springer

| date = 1997

| pages = 262

| isbn = 3-540-60420-0}}

Formally, an infinite sequence of words w(n) is locally catenative if, for some positive integers k and i1,...ik:

:w(n)=w(n-i_1)w(n-i_2)\ldots w(n-i_k) \text{ for } n \ge \max\{i_1, \ldots, i_k\} \, .

Some authors use a slightly different definition in which encodings of previous words are allowed in the concatenation.{{cite book

| last = Allouche

| first = Jean-Paul

|author2=Shallit, Jeffrey

| title = Automatic Sequences

| publisher = Cambridge

| date = 2003

| pages = 237

| isbn = 0-521-82332-3}}

Examples

The sequence of Fibonacci words S(n) is locally catenative because

:S(n)=S(n-1)S(n-2) \text{ for } n \ge 2 \, .

The sequence of Thue–Morse words T(n) is not locally catenative by the first definition. However, it is locally catenative by the second definition because

:T(n)=T(n-1)\mu(T(n-1)) \text{ for } n \ge 1 \, ,

where the encoding μ replaces 0 with 1 and 1 with 0.

References