locally normal space
{{Separation axioms}}
In mathematics, particularly topology, a topological space X is locally normal if intuitively it looks locally like a normal space.{{Cite journal |last1=Bella |first1=A. |last2=Carlson |first2=N. |date=2018-01-02 |title=On cardinality bounds involving the weak Lindelöf degree |url=https://doi.org/10.2989/16073606.2017.1373157 |journal=Quaestiones Mathematicae |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=99–113 |doi=10.2989/16073606.2017.1373157 |s2cid=119732758 |issn=1607-3606|url-access=subscription }} More precisely, a locally normal space satisfies the property that each point of the space belongs to a neighbourhood of the space that is normal under the subspace topology.
Formal definition
A topological space X is said to be locally normal if and only if each point, x, of X has a neighbourhood that is normal under the subspace topology.{{Cite journal |last1=Hansell |first1=R. W. |last2=Jayne |first2=J. E. |last3=Rogers |first3=C. A. |date=June 1985 |title=Separation of K –analytic sets |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1112/S0025579300010962 |journal=Mathematika |language=en |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=147–190 |doi=10.1112/S0025579300010962 |issn=0025-5793|url-access=subscription }}
Note that not every neighbourhood of x has to be normal, but at least one neighbourhood of x has to be normal (under the subspace topology).
Note however, that if a space were called locally normal if and only if each point of the space belonged to a subset of the space that was normal under the subspace topology, then every topological space would be locally normal. This is because, the singleton {x} is vacuously normal and contains x. Therefore, the definition is more restrictive.
Examples and properties
- Every locally normal T1 space is locally regular and locally Hausdorff.
- A locally compact Hausdorff space is always locally normal.
- A normal space is always locally normal.
- A T1 space need not be locally normal as the set of all real numbers endowed with the cofinite topology shows.
See also
- {{annotated link|Collectionwise normal space}}
- {{annotated link|Homeomorphism}}
- {{annotated link|Locally compact space}}
- {{annotated link|Locally Hausdorff space}}
- {{annotated link|Locally metrizable space}}
- {{annotated link|Monotonically normal space}}
- {{annotated link|Normal space}}
- {{annotated link|Paranormal space}}
Further reading
{{Cite journal|last=Čech|authorlink=Eduard Čech|first=Eduard|date=1937|title=On Bicompact Spaces|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1968839|journal=Annals of Mathematics|volume=38|issue=4|pages=823–844|doi=10.2307/1968839|jstor=1968839 |issn=0003-486X|url-access=subscription}}